Shloka 47

Dietary Rules & Purification — Dietary Rules, Purification (Śauca), and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

Devanagari script

दशद्वादशमासार्द्धमाससंख्यैर्दिंश्च तैः स्वाः स्वाः कर्मक्रियाः कुर्युः सर्वे वर्णा यथाक्रामम्

Transliteration

daśadvādaśamāsārddhamāsasaṃkhyairdiṃśca taiḥ svāḥ svāḥ karmakriyāḥ kuryuḥ sarve varṇā yathākrāmam

Translation

Theo những cách tính ấy—mười và mười hai tháng, nửa tháng và số ngày—mỗi hạng người phải cử hành các nghi lễ nghiệp sự của mình theo đúng pháp; mọi varṇa đều phải thực hiện theo thứ tự thích đáng.

Word by Word

• daśa-dvādaśa-māsa-ardha-māsa-saṃkhyaiḥ: by counts (numbers) of ten, twelve, months and half-months
• daśa-dvādaśa-māsa-ardha-māsa-saṃkhyaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśa (संख्या) + dvādaśa (संख्या) + māsa (प्रातिपदिक) + ardha (प्रातिपदिक) + māsa (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃkhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (saṃkhyā), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः: ‘by counts/numbers of ten, twelve, months, half-months’ (enumerative specification)

• diṃś: directions/quarters
• diṃś: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: diś (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural; Vedic/epic form for diśaḥ; object with implied verb ‘(they) assign/observe’ or linked with taiḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• taiḥ: by those
• taiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; ‘by/with those’ (referring to the counts)

• svāḥ: their own
• svāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; possessive adjective agreeing with karmakriyāḥ

• svāḥ: each (one’s) own
• svāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural; repetition for distributive emphasis (स्वाः स्वाः = ‘each their own’)

• karma-kriyāḥ: ritual duties/rites
• karma-kriyāḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karma (प्रातिपदिक) + kriyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘rites/actions of duty’

• kuryuḥ: should perform
• kuryuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्, optative), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); ‘should do/perform’

• sarve: all
• sarve: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; agrees with varṇāḥ

• varṇāḥ: social classes (varṇas)
• varṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; subject of kuryuḥ

• yathā-krāmam: in due order
• yathā-krāmam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + krama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva compound functioning as adverb; Accusative singular form used adverbially ‘according to order’

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (often Pulastya → Nārada framework)

Key Themes

• Vrata/Rituals
• Śauca-Aśauca
• Ritual reinstatement timelines

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual life is portrayed as orderly and periodic: after disruption, one returns to dharma through measured time and appropriate actions, reinforcing steadiness (niyama) over impulsiveness.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

This is ācāra/vidhi guidance, not a cosmological-genealogical pañcalakṣaṇa segment; it supports the Purāṇic role as a practical dharma manual alongside narrative.

What is the symbolic significance?

Months, fortnights, and days signify layered cycles of time; aligning conduct to these cycles reflects the Purāṇic view that dharma is harmonization with cosmic and social rhythms.