Vamana Purana — Caturmasya Observances, Shloka 29

The Cāturmāsya Observances and the Sleeping–Awakening Cycle of the Gods (Hari–Hara Worship)

Devanagari script

लक्ष्यते कारणैरन्यैर्बहुभिः सत्यमेव हि शशङ्कनिर्जितः सूर्यो न विभाति यथा पुरा

Transliteration

lakṣyate kāraṇairanyairbahubhiḥ satyameva hi śaśaṅkanirjitaḥ sūryo na vibhāti yathā purā

Translation

Quả thật, một sự việc được nhận biết nhờ nhiều nguyên nhân và dấu hiệu khác. Vì vậy, khi Mặt Trời bị Mặt Trăng lấn át, nó không còn chiếu sáng như trước nữa.

Word by Word

• lakṣyate: is observed
• lakṣyate: Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √lakṣ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद, कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive sense): ‘is perceived/observed’

• kāraṇaiḥ: by reasons/causes
• kāraṇaiḥ: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन (Plural)

• anyaiḥ: other
• anyaiḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन (Plural), विशेषण (qualifying ‘kāraṇaiḥ’)

• bahubhiḥ: many
• bahubhiḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन (Plural), विशेषण (qualifying ‘kāraṇaiḥ’)

• satyam: truly
• satyam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (sentence adverb: ‘truly’)

• eva: indeed/only
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• hi: for/indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle, causal/emphatic)

• śaśaṅkanirjitaḥ: defeated by the moon
• śaśaṅkanirjitaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śaśāṅka (प्रातिपदिक) + nirjita (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय from nir-√ji)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (instrument/agent sense: ‘शशाङ्केन निर्जितः’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), विशेषण (qualifying ‘sūryaḥ’)

• sūryaḥ: the sun
• sūryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (negation particle)

• vibhāti: shines
• vibhāti: Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√bhā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• yathā: as
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (comparative conjunction: ‘as/like’)

• purā: formerly/before
• purā: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time locus)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: purā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb of time: formerly)

Speakers

• Not explicit in provided excerpt (likely within Pulastya–Nārada narration framework)

Key Themes

• Inference from signs (lakṣaṇa)
• Cosmic order and observable phenomena
• Didactic illustration

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Knowledge is often established by lakṣaṇas—observable indicators. The verse uses an eclipse-like image: when a greater influence intervenes, prior brilliance is obscured. Ethically, it supports careful discernment: judge conditions by consistent signs rather than assumption.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

This passage is not a direct pañcalakṣaṇa unit (sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita). It functions as upākhyāna-style didactic reasoning embedded within a narrative discourse.

What is the symbolic significance?

Sun and Moon symbolize manifest power and the countervailing force that can veil it. In Purāṇic rhetoric, such imagery often illustrates how hidden causes (karma, time, or a superior agency) become known through visible diminishment or change.