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Sama Veda — Uttarārcika, Mantra 1

Aindra praise: awakening and yoking Indra’s power through expertly metered chant for victory and effective sacrifice

Rishi: Unspecified (requires concordance to RV source hymn/ṛṣi)
Devata: Indra (probable per vṛtrahan/aid context and Sayana-style reading)
Chandas: Unspecified (likely Triṣṭubh/Jagatī in RV source; needs RV concordance)
Devanagari Script

विधुं दद्राणं समने बहूनां युवानं सन्तं पलितो जगार देवस्य पश्य काव्यं महित्वाद्या ममार स ह्यः समान

Samhita Patha

vidhuṃ dadrāṇaṃ samane bahūnāṃ yuvānaṃ santaṃ palito jagāra devasya paśya kāvyaṃ mahitvādyā mamāra sa hyaḥ samāna

Transliteration

vidhuṃ1 dadrāṇaṃ2 samane3 bahūnāṃ | yuvānaṃ1 santaṃ2 palito3 jagāra | devasya1 paśya2 kāvyaṃ3 mahitvā | adyā1 mamāra2 sa3 hyaḥ samānaḥ1

Translation

Đấng xông tới mãnh liệt, lao trong hội tụ của muôn người (samana); trẻ trung mà vẫn an trụ, vị tư tế tóc bạc đã đánh thức bằng khúc ca. Hãy nhìn kỳ diệu thi ca của thần (kāvya), bởi sự vĩ đại của Ngài; hôm nay Ngài hoàn thành công việc—chính Ngài, xưa nay vẫn một như vậy.

Pada Patha (Word Analysis)

vidhum | dadrāṇam | samane | bahūnām | yuvānam | santam | palitaḥ | jagāra | devasya | paśya | kāvyam | mahitvā | adyā | mamāra | saḥ | hyaḥ | samānaḥ

Word by Word
विदुंthe wise one / the knowing one (as object)
विदुं:
कर्म
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootविदु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘विदु’ = विद्वान्/ज्ञानी इत्यर्थे वैदिक-रूप) अथवा ‘विधु’ (प्रातिपदिक) इति पाठभेद-संभव
दद्राणम्running/pressing on; swiftly moving
दद्राणम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootद्रā/द्रन् (धातु: द्रा/द्रन् ‘धावने/गत्यर्थे’; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त) अथवा वैदिक ‘दद्राण’ = ‘द्रुतं गतवान्/प्रवृत्तः’
समनेin the assembly / in the contest
समने:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootसमन (प्रातिपदिक)
बहूनाम्of many
बहूनाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु (प्रातिपदिक)
युवानम्the young one
युवानम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootयुवन् (प्रातिपदिक)
सन्तम्being; existing
सन्तम्:
कर्म
TypeParticiple
Rootअस् (धातु; शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त ‘सन्त्’)
पलितःthe grey(-haired) one; the old man
पलितः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपलित (प्रातिपदिक)
जगारawoke / was awake
जगार:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootगॄ/गृ (धातु; परस्मैपदी; लिट्/परिपूर्ण-भूत ‘जगार’)
देवस्यof the god
देवस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
पश्यsee! behold!
पश्य:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु; लोट् आज्ञार्थ)
काव्यम्poetic wisdom / inspired utterance
काव्यम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootकाव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
महित्वाhaving magnified; having made great
महित्वा:
क्रियाविशेषण (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable (Gerund)
Rootमह्/महि (धातु ‘महिम्नि/वर्धने’; त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भावकृदन्त)
अद्याःtoday; even today
अद्याः:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable/Particle (Vedic)
Rootअद्य (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक ‘अद्याः’ = ‘अद्य’/‘अद्य एव’ इत्यर्थे, अथवा ‘अद्य’ + आः (निपात) इति संधि-सम्भव)
ममारdied
ममार:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootमृ (धातु ‘मरणे’; लिट्/परफेक्ट ‘ममार’)
सःhe
सः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हिindeed; for
हि:
सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थ (हेतु/निश्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
समानाequal; the same
समाना:
कर्तृ-विशेषण/सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक) / समान (प्रातिपदिक)
Sāman Melody Name

Unknown/unspecified (requires Sāmavedic gāna-prayoga mapping for UA 4.9.1.07.01)

Vocal Structure

{ "prastava": "Prelude to ‘wake’ the space—often a slightly higher opening to signal jagāra theme", "udgitha": "vidhuṃ dadrāṇaṃ samane bahūnāṃ | yuvānaṃ santaṃ palito jagāra", "pratihara": "devasya paśya kāvyaṃ mahitvā (responsive ‘behold!’ emphasis)", "upadrava": "adyā mamāra sa hyaḥ (today he accomplishes…)", "nidhana": "samānaḥ (the same) held in unison", "structure_notes": "Imperative paśya naturally suits a responsorial emphasis; final samānaḥ is an ideal nidhana word for shared settling.", "singer_assignments": "Prastotṛ opens; Udgātṛ carries narrative; Pratihartṛ highlights paśya/kāvya; all close on samānaḥ." }

Sāyaṇa Commentary

{ "gloss_summary": "In the samana (assembly/ritual session), the impetuous deity is roused; though ever-young, he is awakened by the aged singer. ‘Paśya kāvyaṃ’ points to a wondrous, efficacious act of sacred speech; ‘adyā’ and ‘hyaḥ samānaḥ’ affirm that the same deity accomplishes today as of old.", "ritual_interpretation": "Depicts the sadas performance: the palita (experienced priest) awakens the deity through stotra, ensuring present efficacy grounded in established tradition.", "theological_insight": "Mantra is performative: the god’s presence and action are ‘awakened’ by correctly transmitted chant; timeless power becomes timely fruit.", "etymology_highlights": "jagāra (√gṛ/√jāgṛ ‘to wake’); kāvya (from kavi ‘seer/poet’—in Vedic sense, inspired cognition); samāna (same, continuous)." }

Ritual Application
Academic Analysis
Symbolic Meaning
Musical Layer
Rigveda Source
Soma Ritual Context
Rishi Connection
Devata Aspects
Chandas Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Sandhi Notes
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