Rig Veda 8.5.22: Mandala 8, Sukta 5, Mantra 22
Sukta 8.5
Rishi: Kāṇva (Kanva lineage)
Devata: Aśvinau
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; verify per edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कदा वां तौग्र्यो विधत्समुद्रे जहितो नरा । यद्वां रथो विभिष्पतात् ॥
Transliteration
kadā́ vāṃ táugryo vidhat samudré jahitó narā | yád vāṃ rátho víbhiḥ patā́t ||
Translation
Bao giờ Taugra, kẻ bị bỏ rơi giữa đại dương, sẽ phụng sự hai vị anh hùng—khi chiến xa của các ngài bay vút bằng những quyền năng của mình? Nguyện sự cứu hộ mau lẹ của các ngài cũng đến với chúng con trong cơn nguy khốn.
Word by Word
कदाwhen?
कदा:
Adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण) / प्रश्न
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदा (प्रश्नाव्यय)
वाम्to you two / of you two
वाम्:
Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध (context-dependent: ‘to you two’ or ‘of you two’)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (युवाम्-प्रत्ययः)
तौग्र्यःTaugra (a patronymic/epithet; the Taugrian one)
तौग्र्यः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootतौग्र्य- (प्रातिपदिक; विशेषण/नाम)
विधत्arranges/ordains; performs (rites); bestows
विधत्:
Kriyā (verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (√धा) with vi-; present stem विधा-
समुद्रेin the sea
समुद्रे:
Adhikaraṇa (स्थान-अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र-
जहितःabandoned, left
जहितः:
Kartā (as predicate to ‘नरा’/subject) / विशेषण
TypeParticiple
Rootहा (√हा ‘to abandon’) → past passive participle जहित-
नराO two men/heroes (you two)
नरा:
Kartā (vocative-like address/subject in sense) / सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootनर-
यत्when/that
यत्:
Clause-linker
TypeIndeclinable/Relative
Rootयद् (सम्बन्ध/यद्-तद्)
वाम्of you two / to you two
वाम्:
सम्बन्ध/सम्प्रदान
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (युवाम्-प्रत्ययः)
रथःthe chariot
रथः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootरथ-
विभिष्पतात्may it rush forth/spread out strongly (Vedic: ‘may it drive out/push through’)
विभिष्पतात्:
Kriyā (wish/possibility)
TypeVerb
Root√भिष्/√भ्यस्? (Vedic; with vi-; desiderative/intensive-like formation) + optative ending
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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