Shloka 39

रावणस्य सभाप्रवेशः — रामस्य शरवृष्ट्या राक्षससेनाविनाशः

Ravana Enters Council; Rama’s Arrow-Storm Destroys the Rakshasa Host

Devanagari script

निहत्यतांराक्षसराजवाहिनींरामस्तदाशक्रसमोमहात्मा ।अस्त्रषुशस्त्रषुजितक्लमश्चसंस्तूयतेदेवगणैःप्रहृष्टैः ।।।।

Transliteration

nihatya tāṃ rākṣasarāja-vāhinīṃ rāmas tadā śakra-samo mahātmā |

astreṣu śastreṣu jita-klamaś ca saṃstūyate deva-gaṇaiḥ prahṛṣṭaiḥ ||

Translation

Diệt xong đạo quân của rākṣasa vương, bậc đại hồn Rama—sánh ngang Indra—tinh cần nơi khí giới và phi tiễn, không hề mỏi mệt; liền được các thiên chúng hoan hỷ đồng thanh tán thán.

Word by Word

• nihatya: having slain
• nihatya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√han (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), from √han (हन्) with prefix ni-; indeclinable verbal form (avyayībhāva-like usage as kriyāviśeṣaṇa)

• tām: that (her/it)
• tām: Karma (कर्म; object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

• rākṣasarājavāhinīm: the army of the rākṣasa king
• rākṣasarājavāhinīm: Karma (कर्म; object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa + rāja + vāhinī (प्रातिपदिकानि)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: rākṣasarājasya vāhinī = 'army of the rākṣasa-king'

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण; time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

• śakrasamaḥ: equal to Indra
• śakrasamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; predicate adjective of rāmaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śakra + sama (प्रातिपदिकानि)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); उपमान-तत्पुरुष: śakreṇa samaḥ = 'equal to Śakra (Indra)'

• mahātmā: the great-souled one
• mahātmā: Karta (कर्ता; apposition to rāmaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + ātman (प्रातिपदिकानि)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय: mahān ātmā yasya/mahān ātmā = 'great-souled'

• astreṣu: in (use of) missiles
• astreṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; sphere/field)
• Type: Noun
• Root: astra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• śastreṣu: in (use of) weapons
• śastreṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; sphere/field)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śastra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• jitaklamaḥ: unwearied
• jitaklamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; of rāmaḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jita (√ji धातु; क्त) + klama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: jitaḥ klamo yena = 'one whose fatigue is conquered' (unwearied)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• saṃstūyate: is praised
• saṃstūyate: Kriyā (क्रिया; main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√stu (धातु) (स्तु) + ya (यक्/य) passive
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); from sam-√stu 'to praise'

• devagaṇaiḥ: by the hosts of gods
• devagaṇaiḥ: Karta (कर्ता; agent in passive, तृतीया-कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिकानि)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: devānāṃ gaṇāḥ = 'hosts of gods'

• prahṛṣṭaiḥ: delighted, jubilant
• prahṛṣṭaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; of devagaṇaiḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-√hṛṣ (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); agreeing with devagaṇaiḥ

Context

By the time of sunrise, the most terrific war started between Vanaras and Rakshasas, which became tumultuous.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Rākṣasarāja (Rāvaṇa, implied)
• Śakra (Indra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

When action is aligned with Dharma, it receives cosmic affirmation: the devas rejoice and praise the righteous hero who protects moral order.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma has routed the rākṣasa forces; the divine beings respond with praise and approval.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Akliṣṭa-karma / untiring perseverance—Rāma remains unexhausted and effective in righteous duty.