Shloka 8

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

अद्यवैनस्वतोराजाभूयोबहुमतोमम ।।।।येनाद्यत्वंमहाबाहो संयुक्तःकालधर्मणा ।

Transliteration

adya vai nasvato rājā bhūyo bahumato mama |

yenādya tvaṃ mahābāho saṃyuktaḥ kāladharmaṇā || 6.93.8 ||

Translation

Hôm nay, quả thật Diêm Vương—vua của kẻ đã khuất—lại càng được ta tôn kính hơn; vì hôm nay, hỡi bậc đại dũng tay dài, ngươi đã bị kết buộc vào pháp của Thời gian, tức số mệnh tử vong.

Word by Word

• adya: today
• adya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• vaivasvataḥ: Vaivasvata (Yama)
• vaivasvataḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaivasvata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेष्य (Yama)

• rājā: king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject-apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• bhūyaḥ: more, again
• bhūyaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhūyaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) = 'more/again'

• bahumataḥ: highly esteemed
• bahumataḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahumata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण of vaivasvataḥ rājā

• mama: of me, my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• yena: by which
• yena: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; हेतु/करणार्थ (by which/whereby)

• adya: today
• adya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• mahābāho: O mighty-armed one
• mahābāho: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + bāhu (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग; संबोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• saṃyuktaḥ: joined/consigned
• saṃyuktaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam + yuj (धातु) > saṃyukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण of tvam

• kāladharmaṇā: by the law of Time
• kāladharmaṇā: Karana (करण/Instrument/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla + dharma (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (kālasya dharmaḥ = law/ordinance of Time); पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

Context

'O mighty armed! Today by virtue of time you have joined Yama and become esteemed King'.

Characters & Entities

• Yama (king of the departed)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It invokes kāla-dharma (the inexorable law of time/death), a reminder that mortality frames battlefield duty and consequence.

What is the narrative situation?

A combatant taunts the other, declaring him destined for death under Time’s ordinance, praising Yama as about to receive him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The verse foregrounds grim certainty and intimidation rather than virtue; it reflects the rhetorical harshness of war-speech.