Shloka 31

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

तेनमामद्यसम्युक्तंरथस्थमिहसम्युगे ।।।।प्रतीयात्कोऽद्यमामाजौसाक्षादपिपुरन्दरः ।

Transliteration

tena mām adya saṁyuktaṁ rathastham iha saṁyuge |

pratīyāt ko ’dya mām ājau sākṣād api purandaraḥ ||

Translation

Hôm nay, khoác giáp ấy trên mình, ta ngự trên chiến xa giữa chiến trường này—ai có thể đối địch với ta trong trận? Dẫu là Phá Thành Giả (Indra) hiện ngay trước mắt, cũng không thể!

Word by Word

• तेन: with that (armor)
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; ‘by that/with that’

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय: ‘today/now’

• सम्युक्तम्: equipped
• सम्युक्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samyukta (कृदन्त; √yuj धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त: ‘equipped/armed’ (qualifying माम्)

• रथस्थम्: mounted on the chariot
• रथस्थम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक) + stha (कृदन्त; √sthā धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘rathe sthitam’ = standing on a chariot

• इह: here
• इह: Deśa (देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय: ‘here’

• सम्युगे: in battle
• सम्युगे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃyuga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• प्रतीयात्: could dare to face/approach
• प्रतीयात्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √prati-i (धातु; prati + √i)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; अर्थ: ‘could/should approach/withstand’ (context: dare to face)

• कः: who?
• कः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; interrogative pronoun

• अद्य: today
• अद्य: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• आजौ: in combat
• आजौ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; ‘in combat’

• साक्षात्: directly
• साक्षात्: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sākṣāt (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): ‘directly, in person’

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्भावना/समुच्चय-निपात: ‘even/also’

• पुरन्दरः: Indra (Purandara)
• पुरन्दरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: purandara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; इन्द्रस्य नाम

Context

'I was given a shield by Brahma, effulgent like the Sun which the Devas or Danavas could not break with their thunderbolt fists'.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Purandara (Indra)
• Chariot (ratha)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The Ramayana treats boastful pride (mada) as a spiritual blindfold: it leads one to deny truth and overestimate oneself, which is contrary to satya and dharmic humility.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa declares his supposed invincibility, invoking even Indra as unable to confront him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Martial boldness is displayed, but the ethical counterpoint is humility—true strength in the epic is aligned with dharma, not self-glorification.