Shloka 5

निकुम्भिला-यज्ञविघ्नोपदेशः

Counsel to Disrupt the Nikumbhilā Rite

Devanagari script

व्रीडितंशोकसन्तप्तंदृष्टवारामंविभीषणः ।अन्तर्धुःखएनदीनात्माकिमेतदितिसोऽब्रवीत् ।।।।

Transliteration

vrīḍitaṃ śokasantaptaṃ dṛṣṭvā rāmaṃ vibhīṣaṇaḥ |

antarduḥkhena dīnātmā kim etad iti so ’bravīt ||

Translation

Thấy Rāma hổ thẹn, bị sầu đau thiêu đốt, Vibhīṣaṇa lòng buồn thầm kín, tâm trí rũ rượi, liền hỏi: “Đây là điều gì vậy?”

Word by Word

• vrīḍitam: ashamed/distressed
• vrīḍitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vrīḍita (vrīḍ धातु/प्रातिपदिक; क्त-भाव)
• Form: Napumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; used as object-complement with rāmaṃ: ‘(Rama) ashamed/distressed’

• śokasantaptam: tormented by grief
• śokasantaptam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śoka + santapta (tap धातु, क्त; कृदन्त)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa ‘śokena santapta’ = ‘tormented by grief’; Napumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; qualifies rāmaṃ

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा) ‘having seen’

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• vibhīṣaṇaḥ: Vibhishana
• vibhīṣaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vibhīṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• antarduḥkhena: with inner grief
• antarduḥkhena: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: antar + duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa ‘antar-duḥkha’ = ‘inner sorrow’; Napumsaka, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana

• dīnātmā: dejected at heart
• dīnātmā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīna + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi ‘one whose self is dejected’; Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate of vibhīṣaṇaḥ

• kim: what?
• kim: Prashna (प्रश्न)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; interrogative used predicatively

• etat: this
• etat: Karma/Prashna (कर्म/प्रश्न)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; demonstrative

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• abravīt: said
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (ब्रू धातु)
• Form: Laṅ (लङ्, imperfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada

Context

"O Jewel among men, wasting time in case of destruction of the enemy is not desirable. Just like the Lord of gods sent to kill the enemy of gods, you command Lakshmana to kill the enemy."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Vibhīṣaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes compassionate inquiry—before judging or acting, one seeks the truth of another’s suffering.

What is the narrative situation?

Vibhīṣaṇa arrives, sees Rāma overwhelmed, and asks the reason for the grief.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vibhīṣaṇa’s empathy and prudence in counsel.