Shloka 12

निकुम्भिला-यज्ञविघ्नोपदेशः

Counsel to Disrupt the Nikumbhilā Rite

Devanagari script

नैवसाम्ना न दानेन न भेदेनकुतोयुधा ।साद्रष्टुमपिशक्येतनैवचान्येनकेनचित् ।।।।

Transliteration

naiva sāmnā na dānena na bhedena kuto yudhā |

sā draṣṭum api śakyeta naiva cānyena kenacit ||

Translation

Không phải bằng hòa giải, cũng chẳng bằng lễ vật, chẳng bằng ly gián—huống chi bằng chiến tranh—nàng có thể được tìm lại; thật không bởi bất cứ cách nào khác.

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• एव: indeed/at all
• एव: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• साम्ना: by conciliation
• साम्ना: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन; ‘by conciliation’

• न: nor
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• दानेन: by gift/bribe
• दानेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन

• न: nor
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• भेदेन: by dissension
• भेदेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन; ‘by dissension/splitting’

• कुतः: how much less
• कुतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कुतः (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्न/निषेधार्थ-अव्यय; ‘whence/how much less’

• युधा: by war
• युधा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युध्/युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन; ‘by war/battle’

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन; ‘she’

• द्रष्टुम्: to see
• द्रष्टुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/infinitive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्यय (infinitive), ‘to see’

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपेक्षार्थ-अव्यय ‘even/also’

• शक्येत: would be possible
• शक्येत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शक् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगः (passive sense): ‘could be possible’

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• एव: at all
• एव: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अन्येन: by another
• अन्येन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन; ‘by any other’

• केनचित्: by anyone
• केनचित्: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन; चित्-प्रत्यय (indefinite): ‘by anyone’

Context

That Rakshasa by hoodwinking the Vanaras withdrew from the battlefield. O mighty armed one! Killing of Janaki is an illusion.

Characters & Entities

• Vibhīṣaṇa
• Rāma
• Vaidehī (Sītā)
• Rāvaṇa (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

When adharma becomes entrenched, ordinary diplomatic tools may fail; Dharma then requires steadfast, principled action rather than naïve reliance on persuasion alone.

What is the narrative situation?

Vibhīṣaṇa explains that Rāvaṇa would not yield Sītā by any of the classic political strategies (sāman, dāna, bheda), making conflict unavoidable.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Clear-eyed realism joined to righteousness: Vibhīṣaṇa speaks truthfully about the limits of negotiation with a willfully unjust ruler.