Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 83, Shloka 41

त्र्यशीतितमः सर्गः (Sarga 83)

Hanumān Reports Sītā’s ‘Slaying’; Rāma Collapses; Lakṣmaṇa’s Counter-Discourse on Dharma and Artha

Devanagari script

त्वयिप्रव्रजितेवीरगुरोश्चवचनेस्थिते ।रक्षसापहृताभार्याप्राणैःप्रियतरातव ।।6.83.41।।

Transliteration

tvayi pravrajite vīra guroś ca vacane sthite |

rakṣasāpahṛtā bhāryā prāṇaiḥ priyatarā tava ||6.83.41||

Translation

Khi ngươi đi vào rừng chịu lưu đày, hỡi dũng sĩ, vẫn vâng giữ lời dạy của bậc trưởng thượng; thì người vợ của ngươi—quý hơn cả sinh mệnh—đã bị một La-sát bắt đi.

Word by Word

• त्वयि: when you/with you
• त्वयि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण; locative absolute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण/locative), एकवचन

• प्रव्रजिते: having gone forth/left home
• प्रव्रजिते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण; locative absolute predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र+√व्रज् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त; past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; लोकेटिव्-अब्सोल्यूट (सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध) with त्वयि

• वीर: O hero
• वीर: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• गुरोः: of the teacher
• गुरोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• वचने: in the word/command
• वचने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण; locative absolute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्थिते: abiding (by it)
• स्थिते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण; locative absolute predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त; past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (you) 'being established/abiding' (locative absolute)

• रक्षसा: by a rākṣasa
• रक्षसा: Kartr (कर्ता; agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/agent), एकवचन

• अपहृता: abducted
• अपहृता: Kriya (क्रिया; participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप+√हृ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त; past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (agreeing with भार्या)

• भार्या: wife
• भार्या: Karta (कर्ता; passive subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्राणैः: than life
• प्राणैः: Karana (करण; comparison standard)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तुलना-निर्देश (standard of comparison)

• प्रियतरा: dearer
• प्रियतरा: Karta (कर्ता; predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रियतर (प्रातिपदिक; प्रिय + तरप्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तुलनात्मक (comparative) विशेषणम् (of भार्या)

• तव: of you/your
• तव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Context

"O heroic Rama! You have been faithful to the promise to your father and left home following dharma (giving up wealth), and your dear wife who is your life has been abducted by Rakshasa."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sītā (bhāryā)
• Rākṣasa (abductor)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rāma’s satya (truthfulness) and obedience to rightful authority are foregrounded: he accepts exile to uphold his father’s word, even at great personal cost.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa points to the chain of events: Rāma’s exile in obedience to command, followed by Sītā’s abduction by a rākṣasa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fidelity to promise (satya-niṣṭhā): unwavering adherence to a vow/command despite suffering.