Shloka 11

मकराक्षवधः

The Slaying of Makarākṣa

Devanagari script

यत्तदादण्डकारण्येपितरंहतवान्मम ।तदग्रतःस्वकर्मस्थंदृष्टवारोषोऽभिवर्धते ।।।।

Transliteration

yat tadā daṇḍakāraṇye pitaraṃ hatavān mama |

tad agrataḥ svakarmasthaṃ dṛṣṭvā roṣo 'bhivardhate ||

Translation

“Xưa kia trong rừng Daṇḍakāraṇya, ngươi đã giết phụ thân ta. Nay thấy ngươi trước mặt, chính là kẻ đã làm việc ấy, cơn phẫn nộ của ta càng thêm bừng dậy.”

Word by Word

• yat: that which
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक (correlative)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• daṇḍakāraṇye: in the Dandaka forest
• daṇḍakāraṇye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daṇḍaka-araṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक

• pitaram: father
• pitaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• hatavān: (you) killed
• hatavān: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: han (धातु)
• Form: क्तवत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Past active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन

• tad: that (deed)
• tad: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्-सम्बन्ध (that)

• agrataḥ: before/in front
• agrataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: agrataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (in front/presence)

• svakarmastham: standing in (his) own action
• svakarmastham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva + karma + stha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम्; समासार्थः: स्वकर्मणि स्थितम् (engaged in his own act/duty)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Gerund)

• roṣaḥ: anger
• roṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: roṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• abhivardhate: increases greatly
• abhivardhate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vṛdh (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; उपसर्ग: अभि-

Context

"Then in Dandakaranya my father was killed. Now for the samereason you are in front of me. Seeing you my anger is increasing."

Characters & Entities

• Makarākṣa
• Rāma
• Daṇḍakāraṇya

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse exposes how anger rooted in personal vengeance can cloud discernment; dharma requires judging actions by justice and truth (satya), not merely by inherited grievance.

What is the narrative situation?

Makarākṣa explains his hostility: he believes Rāma killed his father earlier in Daṇḍakāraṇya.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not virtue but a dominating trait: wrath (krodha) that drives him toward revenge.