Shloka 61

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तच्छैलशृङ्गंसहसाविकीर्णंभुजान्तरेतस्यतदाविशाले ।ततोनिषेदुःसहसाप्लवङ्गारक्षोगणाश्चापिमुदाविनेदुः ।।।।

Transliteration

tacchailaśṛṅgaṃ sahasā vikīrṇaṃ bhujāntare tasya tadā viśāle | tato niṣeduḥ sahasā plavaṅgā rakṣogaṇāś cāpi mudā vinēduḥ ||

Translation

Đỉnh núi ấy lập tức vỡ tung giữa hai bờ vai rộng lớn của hắn. Khi ấy bầy Vānara chợt chùng xuống vì nản lòng, còn đạo quân Rākṣasa thì gầm vang mừng rỡ.

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: कर्म (object; with śailaśṛṅgam as apposition/qualification)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (nom./acc. sg. neut.)

• śailaśṛṅgam: mountain-peak
• śailaśṛṅgam: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaila + śṛṅga (प्रातिपदिके) — समासः
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (acc. sg. neut.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (śailasya śṛṅgam = peak of a mountain)

• sahasā: suddenly/forcefully
• sahasā: क्रियाविशेषण (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• vikīrṇam: scattered, shattered
• vikīrṇam: विशेषण (qualifier of śailaśṛṅgam)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि + √kṝ (कॄ) → vikīrṇa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (acc. sg. neut.); कर्मणि प्रयोगः (scattered/broken to pieces)

• bhujāntare: between (his) shoulders/arms
• bhujāntare: अधिकरण (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhuja + antara (प्रातिपदिके) — समासः
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (loc. sg. neut.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (bhujayoḥ antaram = between the arms/shoulders)

• tasya: of him / his
• tasya: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation: 'of him')
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (gen. sg.)

• tadā: then
• tadā: क्रियाविशेषण (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• viśāle: broad, wide
• viśāle: विशेषण (qualifier of bhujāntare)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viśāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (loc. sg. neut.); विशेषण (agreeing with bhujāntare)

• tataḥ: thereafter
• tataḥ: क्रियाविशेषण (sequence)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रम/अपादानार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (thereafter/from that point)

• niṣeduḥ: sat down, settled
• niṣeduḥ: क्रिया (action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + √sad (सद्) (धातु) → niṣad (तिङन्त)
• Form: लिट् (परस्मैपद; perfect); प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन (3rd person plural); अर्थः—'sat down/settled'

• sahasā: suddenly/at once
• sahasā: क्रियाविशेषण (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• plavaṅgāḥ: monkeys
• plavaṅgāḥ: कर्ता (agent/subject of niṣeduḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: plavaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (nom. pl. masc.)

• rakṣogaṇāḥ: troops of rakshasas
• rakṣogaṇāḥ: कर्ता (agent/subject of vineduḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिके) — समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (nom. pl. masc.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (rakṣasāṃ gaṇaḥ = troop of rakṣasas)

• ca: and
• ca: समुच्चय (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• api: also
• api: निपात (particle modifying rakṣogaṇāḥ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/समुच्चयार्थक (particle: also/even)

• mudā: with joy
• mudā: करण (instrument/means; manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mudā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन (instr. sg. fem.); हेतौ/साधनभावे (by/with joy)

• vineduḥ: roared, shouted
• vineduḥ: क्रिया (action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + √nad (नद्) (धातु) → vinad (तिङन्त)
• Form: लिट् (परस्मैपद; perfect); प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन (3rd person plural); अर्थः—'roared/sounded'

Context

Then the mountain peak dropped on the chest broke into pieces. Thereafter the monkeys were despaired, and Rakshasas roared in joy.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Vānara army (Plavaṅgas)
• Rākṣasa troops
• Mountain peak

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse cautions that external outcomes can mislead: dharma is not measured by momentary cheers or despair, but by steadfast commitment to the righteous cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva’s mountain strike breaks apart; morale shifts—Vānaras falter, Rākṣasas exult.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Collective resilience is tested; the righteous side must recover composure and continue despite a setback.