Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 39

कुम्भकर्णोपदेशः

Kumbhakarna’s Counsel and War-Boast to Ravana

Devanagari script

अद्यपर्वतसङ्काशंससूर्यमिवतोयदम् ।विकीर्णंपश्यसमरेसुग्रीवंप्लवगोत्तम ।।6.63.39।।

Transliteration

adya parvatasaṅkāśaṃ sasūryam iva toyadam | vikīrṇaṃ paśya samare sugrīvaṃ plavagottama ||6.63.39||

Translation

Hôm nay, hãy nhìn Sugriva, thủ lĩnh loài khỉ, bị đánh tan tác trong trận chiến tựa như đám mây khổng lồ rực rỡ dưới ánh mặt trời.

Word by Word

• adya: today/now
• adya: Kāla-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

• parvata-saṅkāśam: mountain-like
• parvata-saṅkāśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parvata (प्रातिपदिक) + saṅkāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'resembling a mountain' qualifying toyadam/sugrīvam (contextual)

• sa-sūryam: with the sun (in it)
• sa-sūryam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (सह-प्रत्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + sūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); 'with the sun' (sūrya-sahitam) qualifying toyadam; used as upamā-feature

• iva: like/as
• iva: Upamā-dyotaka (उपमा-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Comparative particle (उपमा-निपात)

• toyadam: a cloud
• toyadam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: toyada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); 'cloud' (water-giver)

• vikīrṇam: scattered/torn apart
• vikīrṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying sugrīvam

• paśya: see
• paśya: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• samare: in battle
• samare: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• sugrīvam: Sugriva
• sugrīvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• plavaga-uttama: O best of monkeys
• plavaga-uttama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: plavaga (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'best of monkeys'

Context

"Now you will see Sugriva the foremost of monkeys in mountain shape, resembling mountains bathed in blood like evening Sun illumined like the cloud."

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse uses poetic imagery to celebrate an enemy’s downfall. Ramayana dharma generally frames true heroism as protection of the innocent, not delight in destruction.

What is the narrative situation?

The speaker predicts (or claims) the defeat of Sugrīva on the battlefield to encourage Rāvaṇa and intimidate opponents.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Martial confidence and intimidation—valor presented as certainty of victory.