Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 20

कुम्भकर्णदर्शनम्

The Appearance of Kumbhakarna and the Account of His Might

Devanagari script

कुम्भकर्णस्यदौरात्म्यंशशंसुस्तेप्रजापतेः ।।6.61.19।।प्रजानांभक्षणंचापिधर्षणं च दिवौकसाम् ।आश्रमध्वंसनंचापिपरस्त्रीहरणंभृशम् ।।6.61.20।।

Transliteration

prajānāṁ bhakṣaṇaṁ cāpi dharṣaṇaṁ ca divaukasām | āśrama-dhvaṁsanaṁ cāpi para-strī-haraṇaṁ bhṛśam ||

Translation

Họ tâu lên Phạm Thiên những tội ác của Kumbhakarṇa: nuốt chửng sinh linh, hành hung cả chư Thiên, phá hủy các ẩn viện của hiền thánh, và thô bạo bắt cóc vợ của người khác.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus/in this way
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• प्रजाः: creatures
• प्रजाः: कर्म (Object of eating)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative/कर्म), बहुवचन

• यदि: if
• यदि: सम्बन्ध (Condition marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conditional particle)

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle; contrast/emphasis)

• एषः: this one/he
• एषः: कर्ता (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• भक्षयिष्यति: will devour
• भक्षयिष्यति: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (simple future), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• नित्यशः: always/daily
• नित्यशः: क्रियाविशेषण (Frequency)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्यशः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• अचिरेण: in a short time
• अचिरेण: कालाधिकरण (Temporal measure)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (instrumental; time-span), एकवचन

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• कालेन: with time/in course of time
• कालेन: कालाधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (instrumental; time), एकवचन

• शून्यः: empty
• शून्यः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शून्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण of लोकः

• लोकः: the world
• लोकः: कर्ता (Subject of भविष्यति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• भविष्यति: will become
• भविष्यति: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (simple future), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

Context

"They reported to Brahma about Kumbhakarna's ruthless deeds, devouring created beings, insulting, harsh and also destroying the abodes of sages violently and abducting others' wives."

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Brahmā (Prajāpati)
• Devas (divaukasaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma protects society by condemning predation on the innocent, violation of women, and attacks on sacred spaces (āśramas). These acts are presented as clear markers of adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

The devas approach Brahmā and enumerate Kumbhakarṇa’s destructive offenses to prompt divine intervention.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Protective responsibility: the devas uphold cosmic and social order by formally reporting wrongdoing to Brahmā rather than retaliating lawlessly.