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Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 13

कुम्भकर्णदर्शनम्

The Appearance of Kumbhakarna and the Account of His Might

एतेनजातमात्रेणक्षुधार्तेनमहात्मना ।भक्षितानिसहस्राणिसत्त्वानांसुबहून्यपि ।।6.61.13।।

etena jātamātreṇa kṣudhārtena mahātmanā |

bhakṣitāni sahasrāṇi sattvānāṃ subahūny api ||6.61.13||

Ngay trong khoảnh khắc vừa mới sinh ra, bị cơn đói hành hạ, đại lực ấy đã nuốt chửng hàng ngàn, hàng vạn sinh linh, vô số loài hữu tình.

एतेनby him
एतेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Masc/Neut), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
जातमात्रेणjust born
जातमात्रेण:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/अवस्था)
TypeAdjective
Rootजात (कृदन्त; √जन्) + मात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (of 'etena')
क्षुधार्तेनafflicted by hunger
क्षुधार्तेन:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/हेतु)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुध् (प्रातिपदिक) + आर्त (कृदन्त; √ऋ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Masc/Neut), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
महात्मनाby the great-souled one
महात्मना:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
भक्षितानिwere eaten
भक्षितानि:
Kriya (क्रिया/परिणाम)
TypeAdjective
Rootभक्ष् (धातु) → भक्षित (कृदन्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP)
सहस्राणिthousands
सहस्राणि:
Karta (कर्ता)/Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), बहुवचन (Plural)
सत्त्वानाम्of beings
सत्त्वानाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)
सु-बहूनिvery many
सु-बहूनि:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु (अव्यय) + बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), बहुवचन (Plural)
अपिalso; even
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अप्यर्थक निपात (particle: 'also/even')

"In that way when Kumbhakarna was devouring, out of fear all people sought the refuge of Indra and represented."

K
Kumbhakarṇa

FAQs

Unrestrained appetite becomes हिंसा (harm) when unchecked by Dharma; the verse frames a moral contrast between raw impulse and the discipline required for righteous living.

A backstory detail: Kumbhakarṇa’s destructive hunger manifests immediately upon birth, leading to mass devouring of creatures.

The virtue highlighted by contrast is संयम (self-control), whose absence turns strength into calamity.