Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 80

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तत्तस्यवाक्यंब्रुवतोनिशम्यसगर्वितंरोषविवृद्धदोषम् ।महोदरोनैरृतयोधमुख्यःकृताञ्जलिर्वाक्यमिदंबभाषे ।।।।

Transliteration

tat tasya vākyaṃ bruvato niśamya sagarvitaṃ roṣavivṛddhadoṣam |mahōdaro nairṛtayodhamukhyaḥ kṛtāñjalir vākyam idaṃ babhāṣe ||

Translation

Nghe những lời hắn nói, ngạo mạn phồng lên và càng thêm dữ dằn bởi cơn giận, Mahodara—bậc đứng đầu các dũng tướng rākṣasa—chắp tay cung kính mà thưa lời này.

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; refers to ‘that (speech)’

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी, एकवचनम्; genitive singular

• vākyam: speech/words
• vākyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• bruvataḥ: of (him) speaking
• bruvataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्तः शतृ-प्रत्ययान्तः; पुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी, एकवचनम्; ‘of (him) speaking’

• niśamya: having heard
• niśamya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni + śam (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: ल्यबन्त-अव्ययकृदन्तः (gerund); ‘having heard/listened’

• sa-garvitam: arrogant
• sa-garvitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa- + garvita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः ‘गर्वः सह यस्मिन्’ = arrogant; qualifies vākyam

• roṣa-vivṛddha-doṣam: full of anger-inflamed fault
• roṣa-vivṛddha-doṣam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: roṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + vivṛddha (प्रातिपदिक) + doṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुष-समासः (श्रृङ्खला): ‘रोषेण विवृद्धः दोषः यस्मिन्’ = whose fault is increased by anger; qualifies vākyam

• mahodaraḥ: Mahodara
• mahodaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahodara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; proper name

• nairṛta-yodha-mukhyaḥ: chief of the rakshasa warriors
• nairṛta-yodha-mukhyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nairṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + yodha (प्रातिपदिक) + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः ‘नैरृतानां योधानां मुख्यः’ = chief of rakshasa warriors

• kṛta-añjaliḥ: with folded hands
• kṛta-añjaliḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + añjali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः ‘कृतः अञ्जलिः येन’ = with hands folded

• vākyam: speech
• vākyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• idam: this
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• babhāṣe: spoke
• babhāṣe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhāṣ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम्

Context

Hearing the words of the reply of Kumbhakarna, filled with arrogance and pride, Mahodara, chief of the army, submitted with folded hands and said.

Characters & Entities

• Mahodara
• Kumbhakarṇa
• rākṣasa army (nairṛta-yodha)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in leadership contexts values respectful counsel: Mahodara approaches with humility (folded hands), suggesting that right speech and right advising should temper rage.

What is the narrative situation?

After Kumbhakarṇa’s violent boasting, Mahodara prepares to respond formally and respectfully, indicating internal debate within the rākṣasa camp.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Humility and disciplined speech (vinaya): even amid war, proper conduct and counsel are portrayed as stabilizing virtues.