Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 78

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सर्वमद्यैवयूपाक्षहरिसैन्यंसलक्ष्मणम् ।राघवंचरणेजित्वाततोद्रक्ष्यामिरावणम् ।।।।

Transliteration

sarvam adyaiva yūpākṣa harisainyaṃ salakṣmaṇam |rāghavaṃ ca raṇe jitvā tato drakṣyāmi rāvaṇam ||

Translation

Yūpākṣa, ngay trong hôm nay ta sẽ chiến thắng trên chiến địa toàn bộ đạo quân Vānara, cùng với Lakṣmaṇa và Rāghava; rồi ta sẽ đến yết kiến Rāvaṇa.

Word by Word

• sarvam: all
• sarvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; object of implied ‘I will conquer’

• adya: today/now
• adya: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (temporal adverb)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्ययम् (emphatic particle)

• yūpākṣa: O Yupaksha
• yūpākṣa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yūpākṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, सम्बोधन (8th case), एकवचनम्; vocative

• hari-sainyam: the vanara army
• hari-sainyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक) + sainya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘हरीणां सैन्यम्’

• sa-lakṣmaṇam: along with Lakshmana
• sa-lakṣmaṇam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (प्रातिपदिक/उपसर्गवत्) + lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः ‘लक्ष्मणः सह यस्य’ = together with Lakshmana; qualifies harisainyam

• rāghavam: Raghava (Rama)
• rāghavam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्ययम्

• raṇe: in battle
• raṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: raṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी, एकवचनम्

• jitvā: having conquered
• jitvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ji (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्तः; ‘having conquered’

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; क्रम/अनन्तरबोधक (then/thereafter)

• drakṣyāmi: I will see
• drakṣyāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकारः (simple future), उत्तमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; parasmaipada

• rāvaṇam: Ravana
• rāvaṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

Context

"I will conquer now the Vanara army along with Lakshmana and Raghava in war and see Ravana."

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Yūpākṣa
• Vānara army (hari-sainya)
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Rāghava (Rāma)
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse illustrates how pride can eclipse dharma: confident boasting replaces careful reflection, foreshadowing ruin born of adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa declares immediate intent to defeat Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa, and the vānaras, and then report to Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Negative exemplar: uncontrolled confidence and aggression (ahaṅkāra) rather than disciplined courage.