Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 61

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

ततस्त्वदर्शयन् सर्वान्भक्ष्यांश्चविविधान् बहून् ।वराहान्महिषांश्चैवबभक्षसमहाबलः ।।।।

Transliteration

tatas tv adarśayan sarvān bhakṣyāṃś ca vividhān bahūn | varāhān mahiṣāṃś caiva babhakṣa sa mahābalaḥ ||

Translation

Bấy giờ, thấy bày ra muôn thứ ẩm thực phong phú, vị dũng lực ấy liền ngấu nghiến cả lợn rừng và trâu rừng nữa.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then / thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla/krama-avyaya (adverb: thereafter)

• tu: indeed
• tu: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa/viśeṣa-nipāta (particle: but/indeed)

• adarśayan: looking at / beholding
• adarśayan: Karta (कर्ता; qualifier of saḥ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: a-dṛś (धातु) + ṇic (णिच् causative) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Causative present active participle (णिजन्त-शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; 'seeing/looking at' (lit. causing to be seen)

• sarvān: all
• sarvān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of bhakṣyān/varāhān/mahiṣān

• bhakṣyān: edibles / foods
• bhakṣyān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhakṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta

• vividhān: various
• vividhān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vividha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of bhakṣyān

• bahūn: many
• bahūn: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of bhakṣyān

• varāhān: boars
• varāhān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varāha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana

• mahiṣān: buffaloes
• mahiṣān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahiṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta

• eva: also / indeed
• eva: Sambandha (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta (emphatic particle)

• babhakṣa: ate
• babhakṣa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhakṣ (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• mahābalaḥ: mighty
• mahābalaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of saḥ

Context

Thereafter having seen several kinds of food items of hogs, buffaloes he ate them.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse illustrates excess (ati-bhoga) and uncontrolled consumption. Ramāyaṇa ethics values moderation; unrestrained appetite is portrayed as a mark of adharma and impending harm to others.

What is the narrative situation?

Upon waking, Kumbhakarṇa is immediately fed with large quantities of meat, preparing him for battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Implied virtue is temperance (mitāhāra). The scene emphasizes its opposite—gluttony—characteristic of the rākṣasa ethos in this episode.