Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 48

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

एवमप्यन्तिद्रिस्तुयदानैवप्रबुध्यत ।।।।शापस्यवशमापन्नस्ततःक्रुद्धानिशाचराः ।

Transliteration

evam apy antidris tu yadā naiva prabudhyata |

śāpasyavaśam āpannas tataḥ kruddhā niśācarāḥ ||

Translation

Dẫu đã như thế, khi kẻ đang ngủ kia vẫn tuyệt nhiên không tỉnh—vì đã rơi vào quyền lực của lời nguyền—bọn Dạ-xoa lang thang trong đêm liền nổi cơn thịnh nộ.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; manner adverb "thus/in this way"

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात; concessive "even"

• अन्तिद्रिः: Antidri (name/epithet)
• अन्तिद्रिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तिद्रि (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; proper name/epithet (textual form uncertain)

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; adversative particle "but/however"

• यदा: when
• यदा: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; temporal conjunction "when"

• नैव: not at all
• नैव: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न + एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय; emphatic negation

• प्रबुध्यत: woke up
• प्रबुध्यत: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-बुध् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; Imperfect 3rd singular

• शापस्य: of the curse
• शापस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Genitive singular

• वशम्: control/power
• वशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular

• आपन्नः: having come under (it)
• आपन्नः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ-पद् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; "having fallen into/reached"

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; "then"

• क्रुद्धाः: enraged
• क्रुद्धाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; agrees with निशाचराः

• निशाचराः: night-roamers (rakshasas)
• निशाचराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशाचर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

Context

Wrapped in sleep like that because of the spell of the curse, he had not wakened. The Rakshasas got enraged.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rākṣasas
• Curse (śāpa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights accountability to truth and moral causality: a curse (born of prior acts) bears fruit regardless of immediate desire—teaching that consequences (karma) are not easily escaped.

What is the narrative situation?

The text explains that Kumbhakarṇa’s sleep persists due to a curse, provoking frustration among the rākṣasas.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

A negative trait is spotlighted: uncontrolled anger (krodha), which clouds judgment in moments of crisis.