Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 41

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

ततःपरिहितागाढंराक्षसाभीमविक्रमाः ।मृदङ्गपणवान् भेरीश्शङ्खकुम्भगणांस्तथा ।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ parihitā gāḍhaṃ rākṣasā bhīma-vikramāḥ | mṛdaṅga-paṇavān bherīḥ śaṅkha-kumbha-gaṇāṃs tathā ||

Translation

Rồi những La-sát có uy lực đáng sợ liền nghiêm trang cầm lấy các nhạc khí bỏ dở: trống, paṇava, trống lớn, tù và và cả những chum đất nung như vỏ ốc—

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रम-अव्यय (then)

• परिहिताः: having put on/armed
• परिहिताः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि+धा (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त/निष्ठा, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (of राक्षसाः)

• गाढम्: firmly
• गाढम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: गाढ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbially: firmly/tightly)

• राक्षसाः: rakshasas
• राक्षसाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• भीमविक्रमाः: of terrible prowess
• भीमविक्रमाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम-विक्रम (प्रातिपदिक; components: भीम + विक्रम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (of राक्षसाः)

• मृदङ्गपणवान्: mridangas and panavas (drums)
• मृदङ्गपणवान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृदङ्ग-पणव (प्रातिपदिक; components: मृदङ्ग + पणव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व

• भेरीः: kettle-drums
• भेरीः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भेरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• शङ्खकुम्भगणान्: groups of conches and pots
• शङ्खकुम्भगणान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्ख-कुम्भ-गण (प्रातिपदिक; components: शङ्ख + कुम्भ + गण)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तथा: also/likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय (thus/also)

Context

The Rakshasas of terrible valour resorted to abandoned drums and tom toms that way and pails of clay.

Characters & Entities

• Rākṣasas
• Mṛdaṅga
• Bherī
• Kumbha (pots)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It reflects organized collective effort: instruments are gathered and used toward a shared aim. The Ramayana often contrasts such discipline with the ethical quality of the aim (dharma vs adharma).

What is the narrative situation?

The rākṣasas gather loud instruments and vessels to intensify the noise and finally rouse Kumbhakarṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Resourcefulness and coordination among the rākṣasa attendants.