Shloka 3

सेनानिवेशः रामविलापश्च

Encampment on the Northern Shore; Rama’s Lament and Sandhyā

Devanagari script

निविष्टायांतुसेनायांतीरेनदनदीपतेः ।पार्श्वस्थंलक्ष्मणंदृष्टवारामोवचनमब्रवीत् ।।।।

Transliteration

niviṣṭāyāṃ tu senāyāṃ tīre nadanadīpateḥ |

pārśvasthaṃ lakṣmaṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā rāmo vacanam abravīt ||

Translation

Khi quân đội đã đóng trại trên bờ của đại dương—chúa tể các sông—Rāma thấy Lakṣmaṇa đứng kề bên, liền cất lời nói rằng:

Word by Word

• niviṣṭāyām: when (it) had settled
• niviṣṭāyām: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative absolute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni-viś (विश् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘having been settled/encamped’ (agreeing with senāyām)

• tu: then/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात

• senāyām: in the army
• senāyām: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative absolute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: senā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• tīre: on the shore
• tīre: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• nadanadīpateḥ: of the lord of rivers (the ocean)
• nadanadīpateḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī-nada-pati (प्रातिपदिक; nadī+nada+pati)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (‘of rivers and streams’ + ‘lord’) = ocean

• pārśvastham: standing beside (him)
• pārśvastham: Karma (कर्म/Object; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pārśva-stha (प्रातिपदिक; pārśva+stha)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (‘standing at the side’)

• lakṣmaṇam: Lakshmana
• lakṣmaṇam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (proper noun)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Anterior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययीभाव (gerund/absolutive)

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• vacanam: words/speech
• vacanam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vacana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• abravīt: said/spoke
• abravīt: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (ब्रू धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

After the army had settled down on the shores of the lord of rivers (sea), Rama spoke to Lakshmana who stood beside him.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• sāgara (ocean/sea)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as deliberation and rightful counsel before action: Rāma prepares to speak and guide the next step, implying that righteous action is preceded by thoughtful communication.

What is the narrative situation?

After the army encamps on the seashore, Rāma turns to Lakṣmaṇa beside him and begins to address him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s leadership through counsel and Lakṣmaṇa’s steadfast service—standing close, ready to receive instruction.