Valmiki Ramayana 6.49.10 — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 49, Shloka 10

शरबन्धनविलापः

The Lament under the Net of Arrows

Devanagari script

कथंवक्ष्यामिशत्रुघ्नंभरतंचयशस्विनम् ।मयासहवनंयातोविनातेनापुनमागतः ।।6.49.10।।

Transliteration

kathaṃ vakṣyāmi śatrughnaṃ bharataṃ ca yaśasvinam |

mayā saha vanaṃ yāto vinā tenāpunar āgataḥ || 6.49.10 ||

Translation

Làm sao ta có thể nói chuyện với Shatrughna—và Bharata lừng danh—khi ta trở về mà không có em ấy, mặc dù em ấy đã cùng ta vào rừng?

Word by Word

• कथम्: how
• कथम्: प्रकार (Adverbial/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative adverb)

• वक्ष्यामि: shall I say
• वक्ष्यामि: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future/भविष्यत्), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद

• शत्रुघ्नम्: to Shatrughna
• शत्रुघ्नम्: सम्प्रदान (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रुघ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (accusative/कर्म), एकवचन (singular)

• भरतम्: to Bharata
• भरतम्: सम्प्रदान (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• यशस्विनम्: famous, illustrious
• यशस्विनम्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यशस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier) शत्रुघ्नम्/भरतम् (contextually)

• मया: with me / by me
• मया: सहकारक-सम्बन्ध (Association/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, त्रितीया विभक्ति (instrumental/करण), एकवचन

• सह: together with
• सह: सह (Accompaniment/सह)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सहार्थक अव्यय (postposition-like indeclinable)

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: कर्म (Goal as object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; गत्यर्थक्रियायाः देश/गन्तव्य (goal)

• यातः: gone
• यातः: क्रिया-विशेषण/विधेय (Predicative/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle/कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगे (used predicatively: 'has gone')

• विना: without
• विना: अपादान/वियोग (Separation/अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विना (अव्यय)
• Form: वियोगार्थक अव्यय (preposition/indeclinable meaning 'without')

• तेन: him
• तेन: अपादान (Separation/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'विना' योगे (with vinaa)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: काल (Temporal/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/पुनरावृत्त्यर्थक अव्यय (adverb)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (negation particle)

• आगतः: returned
• आगतः: क्रिया (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगे (used predicatively: 'has returned/come')

Context

"How can I return bereft of Lakshmana who went with me to the forest? What can I tell Satrughna, also the Bharata of great fame?"

Characters & Entities

• Śatrughna
• Bharata
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as accountability: Rāma feels morally responsible to face his family with truth (satya) about Lakṣmaṇa, recognizing the weight of bonds and promises.

What is the narrative situation?

Believing Lakṣmaṇa to be lost after being struck down, Rāma imagines returning to Ayodhyā and having to answer Bharata and Śatrughna.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Conscientiousness and truthfulness: Rāma’s grief is intertwined with a commitment to honest reckoning with loved ones.