Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 22

Devanagari script

पपातप्रथमंरामोविद्धोमर्मसुमार्गणैः ।क्रोधादिन्द्रजितायेनपुराशक्रोविनिर्जितः ।।6.45.22।।

Transliteration

papāta prathamaṃ rāmo viddho marmasumārgaṇaiḥ |

krodhād indrajitā yena purā śakro vinirjitaḥ ||6.45.22||

Translation

Rama ngã xuống trước, bị những mũi tên sắc bén xuyên trúng các huyệt mệnh, do Indrajit phóng ra trong cơn thịnh nộ—chính kẻ xưa kia đã hoàn toàn khuất phục Śakra (Đế Thích).

Word by Word

• papāta: fell
• papāta: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pat (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular

• prathamam: first
• prathamam: Kriya-visheshana (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prathama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषण-रूपेण द्वितीया), Neuter Accusative Singular

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• viddhaḥ: pierced
• viddhaḥ: Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyadh (धातु) + viddha (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: PPP (क्त) from √vyadh; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; qualifying rāmaḥ

• marmasu: in the vital spots
• marmasu: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: marma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• mārgaṇaiḥ: by arrows
• mārgaṇaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mārgaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• krodhāt: from anger
• krodhāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; cause

• indrajitā: by Indrajit
• indrajitā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: indrajit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• yena: by whom
• yena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Masculine, Instrumental, Singular; relative pronoun referring to Indrajit

• purā: formerly
• purā: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: purā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of time (काल-अव्यय)

• śakraḥ: Indra
• śakraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śakra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• vinirjitaḥ: utterly defeated
• vinirjitaḥ: Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-nir- + ji (धातु) + jita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: PPP (क्त) from √ji with prefixes vi-nir-; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate adjective of śakraḥ

Context

Rama fell first pierced by arrows in his vital parts released in anger by Indrajith, by whom Indra was utterly defeated.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Indrajit
• Śakra/Indra
• Arrows (śara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is not guaranteed immediate triumph; even the righteous can be struck down. The ethical call is to keep faith with truth and duty despite formidable opponents.

What is the narrative situation?

Indrajit, famed for having once defeated Indra, strikes Rāma’s vital points; Rāma collapses before Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s steadfastness as a dharmic hero—his fall is physical, not moral; it sets the stage for loyal response and renewed effort.