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Shloka 3

शार्दूलचरवृत्तान्तः

Saardula’s Spy-Report on Rama’s Camp and the Vanara Host

अयथावच्चतेवर्णोदीनश्चासिनिशाचर ।नासिकच्चिदमित्राणांक्रुद्धानांवशमागतः ।।6.30.3।।

ayathāvac ca te varṇo dīnaś cāsi niśācara |

nāsi kaccid amitrāṇāṁ kruddhānāṁ vaśam āgataḥ ||6.30.3||

Hỡi kẻ lang thang trong đêm, sắc diện ngươi chẳng như thường, lại mang vẻ khốn đốn. Nói ta nghe—có phải ngươi đã rơi vào tay những kẻ thù đang nổi giận chăng?

ayathāvatnot as it should be
ayathāvat:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootayathāvat (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
teyour
te:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; genitive
varṇaḥcomplexion, appearance
varṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
dīnaḥdejected
dīnaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdīna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicate adjective of varṇaḥ
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
asiyou are
asi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as अस् धातु
Formलट्-लकार (present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन
niśācaraO night-ranger
niśācara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootniśācara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th), एकवचन; vocative
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation particle)
asiare (you)
asi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as अस् धातु
Formलट्-लकार (present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन
kaccitperhaps? (I hope)
kaccit:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkaccit (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-निपात (interrogative particle)
amitrāṇāmof the enemies
amitrāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootamitra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; genitive
kruddhānāmof the angry (ones)
kruddhānām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkruddha (कृदन्त; √krudh क्रुध् धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; qualifies amitrāṇām
vaśaminto the power/control
vaśam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
āgataḥcome, fallen (into)
āgataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootāgata (कृदन्त; √gam गम् धातु with ā-)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicate with implied 'tvam'

"O Forest ranger! Your face is not as it should be and also pitiable. Hope the angry enemies have not done anything to you."

R
Rāvaṇa
Ś
Śārdūla

FAQs

A ruler’s dharma includes vigilance and responsibility for intelligence-gathering; Ravana notices his agent’s distress and probes whether the messenger has been compromised by enemies.

In the war-camp context, Ravana questions Śārdūla, who has returned shaken, asking whether hostile forces have captured or coerced him.

Alertness and political prudence (rāja-nīti): reading signs (a messenger’s demeanor) and verifying the reliability of information.