Shloka 3

लङ्कानिरीक्षणं व्यूहविन्यासश्च

Survey of Lanka and Deployment of the Battle Formation

Devanagari script

ततश्शुश्रुवुराक्रुष्टंलङ्कायांकाननौकसः ।भेरीमृदङ्गसङ्घुष्टंतुमुलंरोमहर्षणम् ।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ śuśruvur ākruṣṭaṃ laṅkāyāṃ kānanaukasaḥ |

bherīmṛdaṅgasaṅghuṣṭaṃ tumulaṃ romaharṣaṇam ||

Translation

Bấy giờ đoàn quân cư ngụ nơi rừng núi nghe từ trong Laṅkā tiếng gào thét dữ dội; tiếng trống bhērī và mṛdaṅga vang rền cuồn cuộn, ầm ầm rợn người, khiến tóc gáy dựng đứng.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kālādhi karaṇa / Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (काल/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (then)

• śuśruvuḥ: heard
• śuśruvuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śru (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• ākruṣṭam: a loud cry
• ākruṣṭam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ā-√kruś (धातु) + kta (कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (as noun-adj: ‘a cry’)

• laṅkāyām: in Lanka
• laṅkāyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• kānana-aukasaḥ: the forest-dwellers (vanaras)
• kānana-aukasaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kānana (प्रातिपदिक) + okas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ‘dwellers of the forest’

• bhērī-mṛdaṅga-saṅghuṣṭam: resounding with drums
• bhērī-mṛdaṅga-saṅghuṣṭam: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhērī (प्रातिपदिक) + mṛdaṅga (प्रातिपदिक) + saṅghuṣṭa (कृदन्त; √ghuṣ घोषे)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘resounding with kettledrums and drums’

• tumulam: tumultuous
• tumulam: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tumula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• roma-harṣaṇam: hair-raising
• roma-harṣaṇam: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: roma (प्रातिपदिक) + harṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ‘causing hair-raising’

Context

There upon having settled down, the army hordes heard from Lanka terrific and tumultuous noise of drums and percussion instruments that caused horripilation.

Characters & Entities

• Lanka
• Vanaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in conflict requires readiness without moral collapse: the verse frames the gravity of war, urging steadiness rather than panic.

What is the narrative situation?

As the Vanara army is positioned, they hear thunderous war-drums and uproar from Laṅkā, signaling escalation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courage and composure in the face of fear-inducing signs.