Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 112, Shloka 3

रावणवधोत्तरं विभीषणशोकः—क्षत्रधर्मोपदेशः

Vibhishana’s Lament after Ravana’s Fall; Instruction on Kshatriya-Dharma

Devanagari script

विक्षिप्यदीर्घौनिश्चेष्टौभुजावङ्गभूषितौ ।मुकुटेनापवृत्तेनभास्कराकारवर्चसा ।।।।

Transliteration

vikṣipya dīrghau niśceṣṭau bhujāv aṅgadabhūṣitau |

mukuṭenāpavṛttena bhāskarākāravarcasā ||

Translation

Đôi cánh tay dài của ngươi, đeo vòng tay trang sức, bị hất sang một bên, bất động; còn vương miện đã rơi lệch, rực sáng với huy quang như mặt trời.

Word by Word

• vikṣipya: having flung/strewn
• vikṣipya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vi-√kṣip (धातु) > vikṣipya (कृदन्त, ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-प्रयोग (gerund/absolutive), ल्यप् (ktvā-equivalent): ‘विक्षिप्य’ = having flung/strewn

• dīrghau: long
• dīrghau: Viśeṣaṇa of bhujau (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīrgha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन (Dual); विशेषण (of bhujau)

• niśceṣṭau: motionless
• niśceṣṭau: Viśeṣaṇa of bhujau (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niśceṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन; विशेषण

• bhujau: (two) arms
• bhujau: Karma (कर्म) / described limbs
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhuja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन

• aṅga-bhūṣitau: adorned with armlets
• aṅga-bhūṣitau: Viśeṣaṇa of bhujau (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṅgada + bhūṣita (√bhūṣ + क्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास: ‘अङ्गदेन भूषितौ’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन; क्तान्त विशेषण

• mukuṭena: with/by the crown
• mukuṭena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mukuṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• apavṛttena: knocked down, displaced
• apavṛttena: Viśeṣaṇa of mukuṭena (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apa-√vṛt (धातु) > apavṛtta (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; क्तान्त; ‘अपवृत्त’ = knocked off/turned away; mukuṭena agrees (instrumental qualifier)

• bhāskara-ākāra-varcasā: with sun-like radiance
• bhāskara-ākāra-varcasā: Karaṇa (करण) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhāskara + ākāra + varcas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास: ‘भास्करस्य आकारः’ + ‘तादृशं वर्चस्’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग varcas-, तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of mukuṭena or its shine)

Context

"Decked with armlets, motionless are your arms, broken, knocked down with the crown, radiant like the Sun."

Characters & Entities

• Vibhīṣaṇa
• Crown (mukuṭa)
• Armlets (aṅgada)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It implicitly teaches vairāgya (detachment): royal insignia and bodily strength are transient; dharma urges awareness of mortality.

What is the narrative situation?

A vivid description of the fallen warrior’s body and ornaments, intensifying the scene of lament after battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sensitivity and truthful witnessing—grief expressed through careful observation rather than hatred.