Shloka 9

रामरावणयोर्युद्धवैषम्यं तथा रावणशिरश्छेदनम्

Rama–Ravana Duel Intensifies; Ravana’s Heads Severed and Reappear

Devanagari script

सक्रोधवशमापन्नोहयानामपसर्पणे ।।।।मुमोचनिशितान्बाणान्राघवायदशाननः ।

Transliteration

sa krodhavaśam āpanno hayānām apasarpaṇe | mumoca niśitān bāṇān rāghavāya daśānanaḥ ||

Translation

Vì cơn giận bốc lên khi thấy ngựa mình bị đẩy lùi, Daśānana liền phóng những mũi tên nhọn sắc về phía Rāghava.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• krodha-vaśam: anger’s sway
• krodha-vaśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक) + vaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (‘under the control of anger’); Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• āpannaḥ: having fallen into/afflicted by
• āpannaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āpanna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past participle (क्त) from √āp/āpnu; Masculine, Nominative, Singular (agreeing with daśānanaḥ)

• hayānām: of the horses
• hayānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• apasarpaṇe: in (their) retreat
• apasarpaṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apasarpaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular; ‘in the retreat’

• mumoca: released
• mumoca: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: muc (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular

• niśitān: sharp-pointed
• niśitān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niśita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) from √niś; Masculine, Accusative, Plural (agreeing with bāṇān)

• bāṇān: arrows
• bāṇān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• rāghavāya: at/for Raghava
• rāghavāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular

• daśānanaḥ: the ten-faced one (Ravana)
• daśānanaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśa (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + ānana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (‘one who has ten faces’); Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Context

Thereupon, Rama, stretching the bow, released four sharp glowing arrows at Ravana's four horses and drove them back.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa (Daśānana)
• Rāghava (Rāma)
• horses (haya)
• arrows (bāṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A warning about krodha (anger): when one is ruled by rage, judgment narrows and violence escalates—an ethical contrast to Rāma’s composed purpose.

What is the narrative situation?

After his horses are forced back, Rāvaṇa reacts in anger and fires a volley of sharp arrows at Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, the verse highlights the absence of self-mastery in Rāvaṇa; the implied virtue is dama (self-control).