Shloka 5

रावण-सारथि-संवादः

Ravana and the Charioteer: Counsel, Omens, and Battlefield Conduct

Devanagari script

त्वयाद्यहिममानार्य चिरकालसमार्जितम् ।यशोवीर्यं च तेजश्चप्रत्ययश्चविनाशितः ।।।।

Transliteration

tvayādya hi mamānārya cirakālasamārjitam | yaśo vīryaṃ ca tejaś ca pratyayaś ca vināśitaḥ ||

Translation

Chính hôm nay, hỡi kẻ bất nghĩa, ngươi đã làm tiêu tan danh tiếng, dũng lực, uy quang và niềm tin nơi ta—những điều ta tích lũy suốt bao lâu.

Word by Word

• prakhyātavīryasya: of (me) whose valor is renowned
• prakhyātavīryasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prakhyāta-vīrya (प्रातिपदिक; prakhyāta + vīrya)
• Form: prakhyāta = pra-√khyā (ख्याः) + क्त; Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (Gen/6th), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of mama/aham implied

• rañjanīyasya: of (me) worthy of praise/pleasing
• rañjanīyasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rañjanīya (प्रातिपदिक; √rañj + अनीयर्)
• Form: Future passive participle/gerundive (अनीयर्), Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana

• vikramaiḥ: by exploits
• vikramaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Ins/3rd), Bahuvacana

• paśyataḥ: as (I) watched
• paśyataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √paś (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ-pratyaya present participle (शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (Gen/6th), Ekavacana; ‘while I was watching’

• yuddhalubdhaḥ: eager for war
• yuddhalubdhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yuddha-lubdha (प्रातिपदिक; yuddha + lubdha)
• Form: lubdha = √lubh (लुभ्) + क्त; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of aham

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā, Ekavacana

• kṛtam: made/done
• kṛtam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: PPP (क्त), Napuṃsakliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate with implied ‘etat’

• kāpuruṣaḥ: a coward
• kāpuruṣaḥ: Pradhāna (प्रधान/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kā-puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate-noun for aham

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana

Context

"O evil minded one! My fame, glory, valiance and bravery earned over a long period has been wiped out by you."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Sārathi (charioteer)
• yaśas (fame)
• tejas (splendor)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It underlines the dharmic importance of protecting earned trust and reputation through appropriate action; careless conduct can undo long-established credibility.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa claims the charioteer’s withdrawal has publicly damaged his standing in the battle against Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reliability (pratyaya) as a social virtue: leaders and their agents must act so that trust is preserved rather than squandered.