Shloka 1

ऐन्द्ररथप्रदानम्

Indra’s Chariot Offered to Rāma; The Duel Intensifies

Devanagari script

लक्ष्मणेनतुतद्वाक्यमुक्तंश्रुत्वा स राघवः ।सन्दधेपरवीरघ्नोधनुरादायवीर्यवान् ।।।।

Transliteration

lakṣmaṇena tu tad vākyaṃ uktaṃ śrutvā sa rāghavaḥ |

sandadhe paravīraghno dhanur ādāya vīryavān ||

Translation

Nghe lời Lakṣmaṇa vừa nói, Rāghava—dũng mãnh, kẻ diệt các dũng tướng địch—liền cầm lấy cung và giương lên sẵn sàng.

Word by Word

• lakṣmaṇena: by Lakshmana
• lakṣmaṇena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (instrumental), एकवचन

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (contrast/emphasis)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'vākyam' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• vākyam: speech/words
• vākyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• uktam: spoken
• uktam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ukta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle) from √vac; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'vākyam' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• śrutvā: having heard
• śrutvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• rāghavaḥ: Raghava (Rama)
• rāghavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• sandadhe: strung/fixed
• sandadhe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√dhā (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; 'धनुः सन्दधे' = strung/fixed (the bow)

• paravīraghnaḥ: slayer of enemy heroes
• paravīraghnaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: para + vīra + ghna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: परेषां वीराणां घ्नः (slayer of enemy heroes)

• dhanuḥ: bow
• dhanuḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhanus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ādāya: having taken up
• ādāya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√dā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• vīryavān: powerful/valiant
• vīryavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīryavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'rāghavaḥ' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Context

Courageous Raghava, the destroyer of enemies on hearing the words spoken by Lakshmana took up his bow and fixed it.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Rāghava (Rāma)
• bow (dhanuḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Readiness to uphold righteousness: Rāma responds to counsel with disciplined preparation, showing that dharma in conflict requires restraint, clarity, and preparedness—not impulsive rage.

What is the narrative situation?

In the climactic battle context, after Lakṣmaṇa speaks, Rāma prepares himself by taking up and readying his bow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vīrya (valour) guided by composure: Rāma’s strength appears as controlled readiness aligned with duty.