Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 3

प्रथमः सर्गः

Rama Praises Hanuman; Anxiety over Crossing the Ocean

Devanagari script

न हि तं परिपश्यामि यस्तरेत महार्णवम् ।अन्यत्र गरुडाद्वायोरन्यत्र च हनूमतः ।।।।

Transliteration

na hi taṃ paripaśyāmi yas tareta mahārṇavam | anyatra garuḍād vāyor anyatra ca hanūmataḥ ||

Translation

Quả thật, ta không thấy ai có thể vượt qua đại hải—ngoài Garuḍa, ngoài thần Vāyu, và ngoài chính Hanumān.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negative particle)

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म/Direct object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• paripaśyāmi: I see (clearly)
• paripaśyāmi: Kriya (क्रिया/finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari+paś (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• yas: who
• yas: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular), सम्बन्धबोधक-यः (relative pronoun)

• taret: could cross
• taret: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tṝ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• mahārṇavam: the great ocean
• mahārṇavam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā+arṇava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः कर्मधारयः (महान् अर्णवः)

• anyatra: except
• anyatra: Apadana (अपादान/except-from)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anyatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb/preposition), अपवादार्थे (except/other than)

• garuḍāt: from Garuḍa (i.e., other than Garuḍa)
• garuḍāt: Apadana (अपादान/Ablative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: garuḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन (Singular)

• vāyoḥ: from Vāyu (Wind-god)
• vāyoḥ: Apadana (अपादान/Ablative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāyu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन (Singular)

• anyatra: except
• anyatra: Apadana (अपादान/except-from)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anyatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb/preposition), अपवादार्थे (except/other than)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• hanūmataḥ: from Hanumān (i.e., other than Hanumān)
• hanūmataḥ: Apadana (अपादान/Ablative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hanumat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन (Singular)

Context

"None else than Garuda or Vayu have I seen to have crossed this great ocean crossed by you, Hanuman."

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Garuḍa
• Vāyu
• mahārṇava (the great ocean)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is truthful recognition of merit: a leader acknowledges extraordinary service and capability without jealousy, honoring virtue openly.

What is the narrative situation?

After Hanumān’s successful crossing to Laṅkā and return, his feat is being assessed and praised as nearly unparalleled.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s exceptional śakti and vīrya (power and heroism), grounded in devoted service.