Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 14

प्रथमः सर्गः

Rama Praises Hanuman; Anxiety over Crossing the Ocean

Devanagari script

इत्युक्त्वा प्रीतिहृष्टाङ्गो रामस्तं परिषस्वजे ।हनूमन्तं कृतात्मानं कृतकार्यमुपागतम् ।।।।

Transliteration

ity uktvā prītihṛṣṭāṅgo rāmas taṃ pariṣasvaje |

hanūmantaṃ kṛtātmānaṃ kṛtakāryam upāgatam ||

Translation

Nói xong, Rāma—thân tâm rúng động vì niềm hoan hỷ của tình thương—đã ôm lấy Hanumān, bậc tự chế, người anh hùng đã trở về sau khi hoàn thành sứ mệnh.

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyopapada (वाक्योपपद)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)

• uktvā: having said
• uktvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु; वच्)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), 'having said'

• prīti-hṛṣṭa-aṅgaḥ: with limbs thrilled by joy
• prīti-hṛṣṭa-aṅgaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prīti (प्रातिपदिक) + hṛṣṭa (कृदन्त; √hṛṣ धातु) + aṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi adjective; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); lit. 'whose limbs are thrilled with joy/love'

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• pariṣasvaje: embraced
• pariṣasvaje: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √svaj (धातु; स्वज्)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• hanūmantam: Hanuman
• hanūmantam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hanūmat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to tam

• kṛta-ātmānam: self-controlled / accomplished
• kṛta-ātmānam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त; √kṛ धातु) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies hanūmantam

• kṛta-kāryam: having accomplished the task
• kṛta-kāryam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त; √kṛ धातु) + kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies hanūmantam

• upāgatam: returned / come near
• upāgatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√gam (धातु; गम्)
• Form: Past active participle (कृत; क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies hanūmantam

Context

Rama, the delight of Raghu dynasty thought over and said while Sugriva, the lord of monkeys was still listening.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Righteous leadership rewards virtue. Dharma is not cold legality; it includes affectionate acknowledgment of those who uphold truth and duty.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration describes Rāma physically embracing Hanumān immediately after praising his success.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s kṛtātmatā (self-mastery) and reliability—he completes the duty and returns, steady and successful.