Shloka 1

सीताया यशोधर्मविचारः

Sita’s Counsel on Honor, Rescue-Strategy, and Hanuman’s Reassurance

Devanagari script

अथाहमुत्तरं देव्या पुनरुक्त स्ससम्भ्रमम्।तव स्नेहान्नरव्याघ्र सौहार्दादनुमान्य वै।।।।

Transliteration

athāham uttaraṃ devyā punar uktaḥ sasambhramam | tava snehān naravyāghra sauhārdād anumānya vai ||

Translation

Bấy giờ, được Thánh phi Sītā yêu thương và vì lòng thân ái đối với ngài—hỡi bậc hổ giữa loài người—ta lại đáp lời, vội vã và đầy khẩn thiết.

Word by Word

• atha: then
• atha: Prakaraṇa (प्रकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; discourse particle (अथ)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• uttaram: reply/answer
• uttaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uttara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन

• devyāḥ: of the goddess/lady
• devyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: devī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन; genitive ‘of the lady (Sita)’

• punaruktaḥ: having replied again
• punaruktaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: punar-ukta (कृदन्त; √vac)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; predicate to aham: ‘having spoken again / having replied’

• sa-sambhramam: hurriedly
• sa-sambhramam: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sa (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ ‘with’) + sambhrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव; adverbial accusative: ससम्भ्रमम् = ‘with haste/agitation’

• tava: your
• tava: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन

• snehāt: from/owing to affection
• snehāt: Hetu (हेतु/कारण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sneha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th case), एकवचन; ablative ‘because of’

• nara-vyāghra: O tiger among men
• nara-vyāghra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक) + vyāghra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th case), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: नराणां व्याघ्रः = ‘tiger among men’

• sauhārdāt: from friendship
• sauhārdāt: Hetu (हेतु/कारण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sauhārda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th case), एकवचन; ablative ‘because of friendship’

• anumānya: having inferred/being confident
• anumānya: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anu-√man (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/णिच्-भावे (gerundive/absolutive-like) usage as indeclinable participle; sense: ‘having inferred/being confident’ (contextual)

• vai: indeed
• vai: Nipata (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; emphatic particle (वै)

Context

"O tiger among men! In view of her regards for me and and her love for you she was confident and once again addressed me:

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Sītā (devī)
• Rāma (naravyāghra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma appears as faithful communication: Hanumān acts as a truthful messenger, speaking responsibly because of mutual trust and righteous affection.

What is the narrative situation?

Transition into Sarga 68: Hanumān indicates he responded again after hearing Sītā, and the narration is framed for Rāma (addressed as naravyāghra).

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s reliability and disciplined speech—urgent yet grounded in loyalty and truth.