Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 8

दधिमुख

विज्ञापनम् / Dadhimukha Reports the Madhuvana Incident

Devanagari script

ततस्तैर्बहुभिर्वीरैर्वानरैर्वानरर्षभ।संरक्तनयनैः क्रोधाद्धरयः प्रविचालिताः।।।।

Transliteration

tatas tair bahubhir vīrair vānarair vānararṣabha | saṅraktanayanaiḥ krodhād harayaḥ pravicālitāḥ ||

Translation

Rồi bấy giờ, hỡi bậc hùng tráng nhất trong loài Vānara, nhiều dũng sĩ khỉ—đôi mắt đỏ ngầu vì sân hận—đã trong cơn giận mà xua đuổi bọn lính canh.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb 'then'

• taiḥ: by them
• taiḥ: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्तृकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; 'by them' (guards)

• bahubhiḥ: by many
• bahubhiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; modifies vīraiḥ/vānaraiḥ

• vīraiḥ: by heroes
• vīraiḥ: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्तृकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; 'by heroes'

• vānaraiḥ: by monkeys
• vānaraiḥ: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्तृकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; apposition to vīraiḥ

• vānararṣabha: O bull among monkeys
• vānararṣabha: Sambodhana (सम्बोधनम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular; address to Sugriva

• saṃraktanayanaiḥ: with reddened eyes
• saṃraktanayanaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃrakta + nayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; 'with reddened eyes' modifying the agents (taiḥ...vānaraiḥ)

• krodhāt: from anger
• krodhāt: Hetu (हेतुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5), Singular; cause: 'from/through anger'

• harayaḥ: monkeys
• harayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1), Plural; subject of pravicālitāḥ

• pravicālitāḥ: were driven away
• pravicālitāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया; predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-vi-√cal (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine Nominative Plural; predicate: 'driven away/chased off'

Context

"O Sugriva! the vanara guards were chased away by the many heroic monkeys, angry and red-eyed.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras
• guards (driven away, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma warns against actions performed under uncontrolled anger; even strength and heroism become ethically misdirected when used to oppress others.

What is the narrative situation?

The conflict escalates: the enraged monkeys chase away the grove’s guards.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is kṣamā (forbearance); the verse shows how its absence turns a group into aggressors.