Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 4

हनूमदुपदेशः रावणस्य च कोपः

Hanuman’s Counsel to Ravana and Ravana’s Wrath

Devanagari script

राजा दशरथो नाम रथकुञ्जरवाजिमान्।पितेव बन्धुर्लोकस्य सुरेश्वरसमद्युतिः।।।।

Transliteration

rājā daśaratho nāma rathakuñjaravājimān; pitevā bandhur lokasya sureśvarasamadyutiḥ.

Translation

Có một vị hoàng đế tên Daśaratha, đầy đủ xe chiến, voi và ngựa; đối với thế gian như cha hiền, như bạn lành, rực sáng tựa Thiên chủ Indra.

Word by Word

• राजा: king, emperor
• राजा: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (कर्तृ/उद्देश्य); एकवचनम्

• दशरथः: Dasaratha
• दशरथः: कर्ता (apposition to राजा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशरथ (प्रातिपदिकम्; संज्ञा)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्

• नाम: by name, named
• नाम: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भावः (naming particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्ययम्)
• Form: अव्ययम्; निपातः/पदपूरणम्; ‘named/by name’ इत्यर्थे

• रथकुञ्जरवाजिमान्: endowed with chariots, elephants, and horses
• रथकुञ्जरवाजिमान्: विशेषणम् (of राजा/दशरथः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रथ + कुञ्जर + वाजि + मत् (प्रातिपदिकम्; ‘मतुप्’-प्रत्ययान्तः)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; बहुपदार्थ-समाहारः (रथैः कुञ्जरैः वाजिभिः च युक्तः/सम्पन्नः)

• पिता: father
• पिता: उपमानम् (standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; उपमान-पदं (इव-योगे)

• इव: like, as
• इव: उपमा-सूचकः (comparative particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्ययम्)
• Form: अव्ययम्; उपमा-निपातः

• बन्धुः: friend, benefactor, kinsman
• बन्धुः: कर्ता (predicate nominative/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्धु (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्

• लोकस्य: of the world, of the people
• लोकस्य: सम्बन्धः (genitive: of the world/people)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; षष्ठी-विभक्तिः (सम्बन्धः); एकवचनम्

• सुरेश्वरसमद्युतिः: equal to Indra (lord of gods) in splendour
• सुरेश्वरसमद्युतिः: विशेषणम् (of राजा/दशरथः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुरेश्वर + सम + द्युति (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; उपमान-तत्पुरुषः (सुरेश्वरस्य द्युत्या समः)

Context

"There was an emperor named Dasaratha richly endowed with chariots, horses and elephants. He was a friend to the world and was like a father and equal to Indra in splendour.

Characters & Entities

• Dasharatha
• Indra (Sureshvara)
• Hanuman
• Ravana

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

An ideal king supports dharma by being protective like a father and benevolent like a friend; royal splendor is validated by service to the people.

What is the narrative situation?

Within Hanuman’s address (with Southern Recension ordering), Rama’s lineage is invoked by describing his father Daśaratha as a model ruler, strengthening the moral authority behind the warning.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Daśaratha’s rājarṣi-like kingship: benevolence, public-mindedness, and dignified splendor.