Shloka 40

हनूमत्सीतासंवादः

Hanuman’s Offer of Rescue and Sita’s Dharmic Refusal

Devanagari script

तव सत्त्वं बलं चैव विजानामि महाकपे।वायोरिव गतिं चैव तेजश्चाग्नेरिवाद्भुतम्।।।।

Transliteration

tava sattvaṃ balaṃ caiva vijānāmi mahākape | vāyor iva gatiṃ caiva tejaś cāgner ivādbhutam ||

Translation

Hỡi Đại Hầu, ta biết rõ đức kiên định, sức mạnh và oai lực của ngươi; tốc độ ngươi như gió, và quang uy rực cháy kỳ diệu như lửa.

Word by Word

• tava: your
• tava: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• sattvam: strength/valor
• sattvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sattva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• balam: power
• balam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Discourse/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction: 'and')

• eva: indeed
• eva: Discourse/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक (emphatic particle: 'indeed/just')

• vijānāmi: I know/recognize
• vijānāmi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + jñā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• mahākape: O great monkey
• mahākape: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + kapi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय — 'O great monkey'

• vāyoḥ: of the wind
• vāyoḥ: Upamāna-sambandha (उपमान-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāyu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमावाचक (comparative particle: 'like')

• gatim: speed/motion
• gatim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Discourse/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• eva: indeed
• eva: Discourse/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक

• tejaḥ: splendor
• tejaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tejas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Discourse/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• agneḥ: of fire
• agneḥ: Upamāna-sambandha (उपमान-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमावाचक

• adbhutam: wonderful
• adbhutam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: adbhuta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies tejaḥ)

Context

"O great monkey! I have understood your strength and power. Your speed is like the Wind-god's and your power is astonishing and splendid.

Characters & Entities

• Sita
• Hanuman
• Vayu (Wind)
• Agni (Fire)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes honoring merit truthfully—recognizing capability and virtue in a righteous ally without exaggeration or deceit.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā acknowledges Hanuman’s extraordinary abilities as she considers his proposal and the practicalities of escape.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sītā’s fairness and clarity of judgment—she assesses Hanuman accurately and speaks with measured truth (satya).