Shloka 42

रामलक्षणवर्णनम्

Description of Rama and Lakshmana; Alliance Narrative to Sita

Devanagari script

शयितं च चिरं तेन दुःखार्तेन महात्मना।मयापि विविधैर्वाक्यैः कृच्छ्रादुत्थापितः पुनः।।।।

Transliteration

śayitaṃ ca ciraṃ tena duḥkhārtena mahātmanā | mayāpi vividhair vākyaiḥ kṛcchrād utthāpitaḥ punaḥ ||

Translation

Bậc đại hồn ấy, bị sầu khổ dày vò, đã nằm như thế rất lâu; và ta cũng phải dùng nhiều lời lẽ, khó nhọc lắm mới lại khiến chàng gượng dậy.

Word by Word

• śayitam: (having been) made to lie down; lying
• śayitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śī (धातु) > śayita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; past passive participle used predicatively

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• ciram: for a long time
• ciram: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: cira (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time)

• tena: by him
• tena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), एकवचन; instrumental pronoun

• duḥkha-ārtena: by the sorrow-afflicted
• duḥkha-ārtena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (दुःखेन आर्तः), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; qualifying mahātmanā

• mahātmanā: by the great-souled one
• mahātmanā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (महान् आत्मा), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, तृतीया, एकवचन

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-कारक अव्यय (also/even)

• vividhaiḥ: with various
• vividhaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vividha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifying vākyaiḥ

• vākyaiḥ: by words; with statements
• vākyaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• kṛcchrāt: with great difficulty
• kṛcchrāt: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kṛcchra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-प्रयोगे अव्ययीभाववत् (ablatival adverb): 'with difficulty'

• utthāpitaḥ: was raised; made to get up
• utthāpitaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sthā (धातु) + ut- (उपसर्ग) > utthāpita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; passive participle used predicatively

• punaḥ: again
• punaḥ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरावृत्तिवाचक अव्यय (adverb)

Context

"The divine self who is effulgent like god wailed in many ways placing the beautiful ornaments on his lap.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān
• Sītā (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as supportive counsel: helping a righteous person rise from debilitating grief is itself a form of service to truth and justice.

What is the narrative situation?

Overwhelmed by sorrow, Rāma collapses; Hanumān (as narrator) states he consoled and lifted him up with great effort.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s compassionate steadfastness and practical wisdom in restoring Rāma to purposeful action.