Shloka 13

सीताया रावणं प्रति धर्मोपदेशः

Sita’s Dharmic Admonition to Ravana

Devanagari script

स्वकृतैर्हन्यमानस्य रावणादीर्घदर्शिनः।।।।अभिनन्दन्ति भूतानि विनाशे पापकर्मणः।

Transliteration

svakṛtair hanyamānasya rāvaṇādīrghadarśinaḥ |

abhinandanti bhūtāni vināśe pāpakarmaṇaḥ ||5.21.13||

Translation

Hỡi Rāvaṇa, kẻ thiển cận! Khi kẻ tạo ác bị chính nghiệp mình đánh gục, muôn loài đều hân hoan trước sự diệt vong của kẻ làm điều tội lỗi.

Word by Word

• sva-kṛtaiḥ: by (your) own deeds
• sva-kṛtaiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛta (कृदन्त, √kṛ + क्त)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुषः—"स्वैः कृतैः" (by one’s own deeds)

• hanyamānasya: of (you) being killed
• hanyamānasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √han (धातु) + ya (यक्, कर्मणि)
• Form: Present passive participle (शानच्/यमान), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); "of (him) being slain"

• rāvaṇa: O Ravana
• rāvaṇa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• a-dīrgha-darśinaḥ: O short-sighted one
• a-dīrgha-darśinaḥ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- (नञ्) + dīrgha (प्रातिपदिक) + darśin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); नञ्-तत्पुरुषः—"अदीर्घदर्शिन्" (short-sighted)

• abhinandanti: rejoice/applaud
• abhinandanti: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √nand (धातु) + abhi (उपसर्ग)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• bhūtāni: creatures/beings
• bhūtāni: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• vināśe: at the destruction
• vināśe: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vināśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• pāpa-karmaṇaḥ: of the sinner/of the evil-doer
• pāpa-karmaṇaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुषः—"पापं कर्म यस्य" (sinful-deed doer)

Context

"O Ravana! living beings will welcome and enjoy the destruction of a short-sighted sinner killed by his own vile act.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā
• Rāvaṇa
• bhūtāni (living beings)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Karmic moral order: wrongdoing matures into self-caused destruction; dharma asserts that evil ultimately collapses under its own weight.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā delivers a final, forceful warning to Rāvaṇa about the inevitable outcome of his sinful actions.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sītā’s unwavering commitment to truth (satya) and justice, expressed as fearless moral admonition.