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Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 5

द्वादशः सर्गः — हनूमतः अन्तःपुरविचयः

Hanuman’s Search Through Ravana’s Inner Apartments

सीतामदृष्ट्वा ह्यनवाप्य पौरुषंविहृत्य कालं सह वानरैश्चिरम्।न मेऽस्ति सुग्रीवसमीपगा गतिःसुतीक्ष्णदण्डो बलवांश्च वानरः।।।।

sītām adṛṣṭvā hy anavāpya pauruṣaṃ vihṛtya kālaṃ saha vānaraiś ciram |

na me 'sti sugrīvasamīpagā gatiḥ sutīkṣṇadaṇḍo balavāṃś ca vānaraḥ ||

Nếu ta trở về mà chưa thấy Sītā—chẳng lập được chứng tích dũng mãnh, lại đã tiêu phí thời gian lâu ngày cùng bầy vānara—thì ta nào còn đường đến gần Sugrīva; vị vānara hùng mạnh ấy sẽ trừng phạt ta bằng hình phạt nghiêm khắc.

sītāmSita
sītām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsītā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
adṛṣṭvāwithout seeing
adṛṣṭvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा) with negation a-
FormGerund/absolutive (क्त्वान्त), 'without seeing'
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (निपात), emphatic/causal particle
anavāpyawithout attaining
anavāpya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-āp (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्) with negation an-
FormGerund (ल्यप्), 'without obtaining/achieving'
pauruṣammanly achievement/valor (success)
pauruṣam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpauruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; object of 'anavāpya'
vihṛtyahaving spent
vihṛtya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-hṛ (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
FormGerund (ल्यप्), 'having spent (time)/having roamed'
kālamtime
kālam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; object of 'vihṛtya'
sahatogether with
saha:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक) (association)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
FormUpasarga-like indeclinable used with instrumental (तृतीया) meaning 'together with'
vānaraiḥwith the monkeys
vānaraiḥ:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक) / Karaṇa (करण) (companionship)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (तृतीया/Case 3), Bahuvacana
ciramfor long
ciram:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootcira (प्रातिपदिक used adverbially)
FormKriyāviśeṣaṇa-avyaya (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय) 'for a long time'
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (negation particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormPratiṣedha-nipāta (प्रतिषेध-निपात) negation
mefor me/to me
me:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (possessor/relational)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī vibhakti (षष्ठी/Case 6) or Dative-like genitive, Ekavacana; enclitic form
astiis
asti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (लट्/Present), Prathama puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष/3rd), Ekavacana; with 'na' → 'is not'
sugrīva-samīpa-gāleading to Sugriva's presence
sugrīva-samīpa-gā:
Karta (कर्ता) (qualifier of subject 'gatiḥ')
TypeAdjective
Rootsugrīva + samīpa + gam (गम् धातु) → gā (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-आधारित विशेषण)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa to 'gatiḥ'; gā = 'going to/leading to'
gatiḥway/return
gatiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; subject of 'asti'
sutīkṣṇa-daṇḍaḥwith very sharp punishment (severe punisher)
sutīkṣṇa-daṇḍaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu-tīkṣṇa + daṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa to 'vānaraḥ'
balavānpowerful
balavān:
Karta (कर्ता) (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootbalavat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa to 'vānaraḥ'
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta (समुच्चय) conjunction
vānaraḥthe monkey (I, Hanuman)
vānaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara (प्रातिपदik)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate/subject in implied clause (Hanuman speaking of himself as vānara)

'I have spent a long time with vanaras. I have not succeded in my efforts to find Sita. I dare not see Sugriva now without finding Sita and without fulfilling my task. Sugriva will punish me severely. There is no way out.'

S
Sita
S
Sugriva
V
Vanaras

FAQs

Dharma is accountability in service: a messenger must complete the entrusted task truthfully (satya) and effectively, and must accept responsibility for failure rather than offer excuses.

Hanuman fears returning to Sugrīva empty-handed after a long search, anticipating strict consequences for failing the mission.

Sense of duty and responsibility—Hanuman measures himself by results, not by time spent.