Shloka 45

रावणान्तःपुर-पानभूमि-विचयः

Hanumān’s Survey of Rāvaṇa’s Inner Palace and Banquet Hall

Devanagari script

देवगन्धर्वकन्याश्च नागकन्याश्च वीर्यवान्।।5.11.45।।अवेक्षमाणो हनुमान्नैवापश्यत जानकीम्।

Transliteration

devagandharvakanyāś ca nāgakanyāś ca vīryavān || 5.11.45 ||

avekṣamāṇo hanumān naivāpaśyata jānakīm |

Translation

Dũng mãnh Hanumān chăm chú quan sát, dẫu giữa các thiếu nữ như của chư thiên và gandharva, cùng các nāga-nữ, vẫn không thấy nàng Jānakī.

Word by Word

• tām: her
• tām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• apaśyan: not seeing
• apaśyan: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु) (शतृ/Present active participle)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; कर्तरि (not seeing)

• kapiḥ: the monkey (Hanuman)
• kapiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• paśyan: seeing
• paśyan: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dṛś (दृश् धातु) (शतृ/Present active participle)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; कर्तरि (while seeing)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

• anyāḥ: other
• anyāḥ: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (striyaḥ)

• para-striyaḥ: other men's women
• para-striyaḥ: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक) + strī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (others' women)

• apakramya: having moved aside
• apakramya: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Preceding action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: apa-kram (क्रम् धातु) (ल्यप्/Absolutive)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), पूर्वकाल (having moved away)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• vīraḥ: the hero
• vīraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• pradhyātum: to contemplate
• pradhyātum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-dhyai (ध्यै धातु) (तुमुन्/Infinitive)
• Form: तुमुनन्त (infinitive), प्रयोजनार्थ

• upacakrame: began
• upacakrame: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-kram (क्रम् धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Context

Some women reclined on tabors, some on murajas, and some on drums and hassocks while some slept on excellent couches.

Characters & Entities

• Hanuman
• Janaki
• Sita
• Gandharvas
• Nagas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Commitment to truth (satya) and perseverance in duty: despite searching among the most radiant women, Hanuman accepts the truth—Sita is not there—and continues his righteous effort.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration emphasizes the breadth of Hanuman’s search and the continued absence of Sita.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Perseverance (utsāha) and careful attention (apramāda).