Shloka 1

पञ्चषष्टितमः सर्गः — वानराणां प्लवन-पराक्रम-निरूपणम्

Assessment of the Vanaras’ Leaping Capacity; Jambavan Motivates Hanuman

Devanagari script

अथाङ्गदवचश्श्रुत्वा ते सर्वे वानरर्षभाः।स्वं स्वं गतौ समुत्साहमूचुस्तत्र यथाक्रमम्।।।।गजो गवाक्षो गवयश्शरभो गन्धमादनः।मैन्दश्च द्विविदश्चैव सुषेणो जाम्बवां स्तथा।।।।

Transliteration

athāṅgadavacaḥ śrutvā te sarve vānararṣabhāḥ |

svaṃ svaṃ gatau samutsāham ūcus tatra yathākramam ||

gajo gavākṣo gavayaḥ śarabho gandhamādanaḥ |

maindaś ca dvividaś caiva suṣeṇo jāmbavāṃs tathā ||

Translation

Nghe lời Angada, hết thảy các vượn hùng—Gaja, Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Śarabha, Gandhamādana, Mainda, Dvivida, Suṣeṇa và Jāmbavān—lần lượt bày tỏ chí khí và khả năng nhảy vượt của mình.

Word by Word

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (sequence marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Discourse particle (अनन्तर/आरम्भ-अव्यय)

• aṅgadavacaḥ: Angada's words
• aṅgadavacaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅgada + vacas (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) (aṅgadasya vacaḥ), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• śrutvā: having heard
• śrutvā: Kriyā (पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), Avyaya (अव्ययभाव)

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (तद्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sarve: all
• sarve: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); te iti viśeṣyānusārī

• vānararṣabhāḥ: bulls among monkeys
• vānararṣabhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) (vānarāṇāṃ ṛṣabhāḥ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• svam: one's own
• svam: Karma (object of implied 'state/declare')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); repeated distributively

• svam: each his own
• svam: Karma (object of implied 'state/declare')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); distributive repetition

• gatau: in going/for the journey (task)
• gatau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)

• samutsāham: enthusiasm/ability
• samutsāham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samutsāha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• ūcuḥ: said/declared
• ūcuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)

• yathākramam: in due order
• yathākramam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā + krama (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: Avyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव) used adverbially, Accusative-form adverb

• gajaḥ: Gaja
• gajaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• gavākṣaḥ: Gavaksha
• gavākṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gavākṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• gavayaḥ: Gavaya
• gavayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gavaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• śarabhaḥ: Sharabha
• śarabhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• gandhamādanaḥ: Gandhamadana
• gandhamādanaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gandha + mādana (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) (gandhaṃ mādayati iti / gandha-mādana), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• maindaḥ: Mainda
• maindaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mainda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• dvividaḥ: Dvivida
• dvividaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvivida (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• eva: also/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण-अव्यय)

• suṣeṇaḥ: Sushena
• suṣeṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suṣeṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• jāmbavān: Jambavan
• jāmbavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jāmbavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• tathā: so/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय)

Context

Thereafter, on hearing Angada, all the leaders among the monkeys, Gaja, Gavaksha, Gavaya, Sarabha, Gandhamadana, Mainda, Dvivida, Sushena and Jambavan as well expressed one after the other their capability for leaping.

Characters & Entities

• Angada
• Gaja
• Gavākṣa
• Gavaya
• Śarabha
• Gandhamādana
• Mainda
• Dvivida
• Suṣeṇa
• Jāmbavān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as shared responsibility: leaders publicly state their capability so the mission can be matched with the right agent, supporting truthful assessment (satya) and effective service.

What is the narrative situation?

In the monkey council about crossing the ocean to search for Sītā, Angada’s prompting leads the chiefs to announce—one after another—how far they can leap.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Accountability and readiness for service: each leader steps forward to state his strength rather than remaining silent.