Shloka 19

सम्पातिवाक्यम्

Sampāti’s Counsel and the Revelation of Laṅkā

Devanagari script

पुत्रो विश्रवस स्साक्षाद्भ्राता वैश्रवणस्य च।अध्यास्ते नगरीं लङ्कां रावणो नाम राक्षसः।।4.58.19।।

Transliteration

putro viśravasaḥ sākṣād bhrātā vaiśravaṇasya ca |

adhyāste nagarīṃ laṅkāṃ rāvaṇo nāma rākṣasaḥ || 4.58.19 ||

Translation

Rāvaṇa, vị rākṣasa mang danh ấy—đích thực là con của Viśravas và là em của Vaiśravaṇa—ngự cư trong thành Laṅkā.

Word by Word

• putraḥ: son
• putraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• viśravasaḥ: of Vishravas
• viśravasaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśravas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana

• sākṣāt: directly
• sākṣāt: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sākṣāt (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) = directly/in person

• bhrātā: brother
• bhrātā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• vaiśravaṇasya: of Vaishravana (Kubera)
• vaiśravaṇasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaiśravaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• adhyāste: dwells/occupies
• adhyāste: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: adhi-ās (अधि+आस् धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana, ātmanepada

• nagarīm: city
• nagarīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nagarī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• laṅkām: Lanka
• laṅkām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; apposition to nagarīm

• rāvaṇaḥ: Ravana
• rāvaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• nāma: by name
• nāma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; naming particle (नाम)

• rākṣasaḥ: rakshasa/demon
• rākṣasaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; apposition to rāvaṇaḥ

Context

'O monkeys, the one you said to have been killed by mighty Ravana in a combat was my younger brother, Jatayu.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Viśravas
• Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)
• Laṅkā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Truthful identification of the wrongdoer is part of restoring dharma: naming Rāvaṇa and his seat of power enables righteous response.

What is the narrative situation?

Sampāti identifies the abductor as Rāvaṇa and locates him in Laṅkā, adding lineage details.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Clarity and precision in counsel: he gives concrete, verifiable information rather than vague fear or rumor.