Shloka 4

स्वयम्प्रभा-विमोचनम् — Svayamprabha Leads the Vanaras Out

Time-Limit Crisis and Counsel

Devanagari script

त्रातुमर्हसि नस्सर्वान्सुग्रीवभयकर्शितान्।।।।महच्चकार्यमस्माभिः कर्तव्यं धर्मचारिणि।तच्चापि न कृतं कार्यमस्माभिरिह वासिभिः।।।।

Transliteration

trātum arhasi naḥ sarvān sugrīvabhayakarśitān |

mahac ca kāryam asmābhiḥ kartavyaṃ dharmacāriṇi |

tac cāpi na kṛtaṃ kāryam asmābhir iha vāsibhiḥ ||

Translation

“Xin người cứu độ tất cả chúng tôi, những kẻ đang bị nỗi sợ Sugrīva dày vò. Một đại sự vẫn còn phải làm, hỡi người nữ hành trì chánh pháp; nhưng khi trú ngụ nơi đây, chúng tôi vẫn chưa hoàn thành được việc ấy.”

Word by Word

• trātum: to save
• trātum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: trā (धातु) + tumun (तुमुन्)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुन्)

• arhasi: should
• arhasi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: arh (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 2nd person, Singular, Parasmaipada

• naḥ: us
• naḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th) plural used for accusative/dative sense (enclitic); 'us'

• sarvān: all
• sarvān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• sugrīvabhayakarśitān: distressed by fear of Sugrīva
• sugrīvabhayakarśitān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sugrīva + bhaya + karśita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural; qualifies sarvān

• mahat: great
• mahat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular; qualifies kāryam

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• kāryam: task
• kāryam: Karta (कर्ता) (of existential/predicate clause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• asmābhiḥ: by us
• asmābhiḥ: Karana (करण) / Karta (कर्ता) (agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd), Plural

• kartavyam: to be done / must be done
• kartavyam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु) + tavya (तव्यत्)
• Form: Gerundive/obligatory participle (तव्यत्); Neuter, Nominative, Singular; predicate with kāryam

• dharmacāriṇi: O righteous lady
• dharmacāriṇi: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma + cāriṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular

• tat: that
• tat: Karta/Karma (कर्ता/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; refers to the task/goal

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• api: also / even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• kṛtam: done
• kṛtam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past participle (क्त); Neuter, Nominative, Singular; predicate with kāryam

• kāryam: task
• kāryam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• asmābhiḥ: by us
• asmābhiḥ: Karana (करण) / Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental, Plural

• iha: here
• iha: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb

• vāsibhiḥ: by (us) dwellers
• vāsibhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāsin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural; 'by us who dwell (here)'

Context

'O righteous lady! we have a great task waiting. We are afraid of Sugriva as we could not accomplish our objective by staying here. Save us.'

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Sugrīva
• tāpasī (ascetic woman)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even in fear, the speaker acknowledges an unfinished obligation. Dharma here is the recognition of entrusted duty and the need to return to rightful action rather than remain stalled.

What is the narrative situation?

Trapped or delayed in a mysterious cave-region, Hanumān petitions a righteous ascetic woman to rescue the group so they can resume the mission assigned by Sugrīva.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanumān’s humility and responsibility: he admits failure to complete the task and seeks help to restore right course.