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Shloka 2

स्वयम्प्रभा-विमोचनम् — Svayamprabha Leads the Vanaras Out

Time-Limit Crisis and Counsel

शरणं त्वां प्रपन्ना स्म सर्वे वै धर्मचारिणीं।यः कृतस्समयोऽस्माकं सुग्रीवेण महात्मना।।।।स च कालो ह्यतिक्रान्तो बिले च परिवर्तताम्।

śaraṇaṃ tvāṃ prapannā sma sarve vai dharmacāriṇīm | yaḥ kṛtaḥ samayo 'smākaṃ sugrīveṇa mahātmanā || sa ca kālo hy atikrānto bile ca parivartatām |

Ô phu nhân hành trì chánh pháp, tất cả chúng con đều nương tựa nơi người. Nhưng kỳ hạn mà đại hồn Sugriva đã định cho chúng con nay đã vượt quá, trong khi chúng con còn quanh quẩn trong hang này.

śaraṇamrefuge
śaraṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; with prapannaḥ construction
tvāmyou
tvām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottvam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Form2nd person pronoun; Accusative (2nd), Singular
prapannāḥhave taken (refuge)
prapannāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootpra + pad (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
FormPast participle (क्त); Masculine, Nominative, Plural; predicate with sma; agrees with sarve
smawe (were/are)
sma:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormImperfect auxiliary (लङ्) used with participle; 1st person, Plural; periphrastic past sense
sarveall (of us)
sarve:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
dharmacāriṇīmthe righteous-practising lady
dharmacāriṇīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma + cāriṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular; epithet of the addressed woman
yaḥwhich / who
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; relative pronoun referring to samayaḥ
kṛtaḥmade / fixed
kṛtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (of passive sense: 'made')
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
FormPast passive participle (क्त); Masculine, Nominative, Singular; agrees with samayaḥ
samayaḥagreement / appointed time
samayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsamaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
asmākamof us
asmākam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive (6th), Plural
sugrīveṇaby Sugrīva
sugrīveṇa:
Karana (करण) / Karta (कर्ता) (agent of passive)
TypeNoun
Rootsugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular
mahātmanāby the great-souled
mahātmanā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular; qualifies sugrīveṇa
saḥthat
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय)
kālaḥtime
kālaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
hiindeed / for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), causal/emphatic
atikrāntaḥhas passed / elapsed
atikrāntaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootati + kram (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
FormPast participle (क्त); Masculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate with kālaḥ
bilein the cave
bile:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbila (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
parivartatāmwhile (we) were moving about
parivartatām:
Kāla (काल) (circumstantial)
TypeVerb
Rootpari + vṛt (धातु)
FormPresent participial genitive plural used as locative absolute-like construction; Genitive (6th), Plural; 'while (we) were moving about/turning' (contextual)

'You are a righteous lady. You have given us refuge. Now in moving about the cave we have exceeded the time limit given by Sugriva.'

S
Sugriva
C
cave (bila)
S
Swayamprabhā (implied by 'dharmacāriṇīm' in context)

FAQs

Dharma here is accountability to a rightful command and honesty about failure: the Vanaras admit that the agreed time-limit has been exceeded, even while seeking refuge.

The search-party, delayed inside a mysterious cave, informs the righteous lady who shelters them that Sugriva’s deadline for the mission has passed.

Truthfulness and responsibility—openly acknowledging the lapse in duty rather than concealing it.