Shloka 4

एकोनपञ्चाशः सर्गः (Sarga 49)

Aṅgada Re-energizes the Southern Search Party

Devanagari script

कालश्च नो महान्यातस्सुग्रीवश्चोग्रशासनः।तस्माद्भवन्तस्सहिता विचिन्वन्तु समन्ततः।।4.49.4।।

Transliteration

kālaś ca no mahān yātas sugrīvaś cograśāsanaḥ | tasmād bhavantaḥ sahitā vicinvantu samantataḥ ||

Translation

Thời gian đã trôi qua quá nhiều đối với chúng ta, mà Sugrīva lại là bậc chúa công nghiêm khắc; vì thế, xin tất cả các vị đồng lòng, cùng nhau tìm kiếm khắp mọi nơi.

Word by Word

• kālaḥ: time
• kālaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• naḥ: of us/our
• naḥ: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural (बहुवचन); enclitic form

• mahān: great/long
• mahān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying kālaḥ

• yātaḥ: has passed/gone
• yātaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/भाव)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yā (या धातु) + kta (क्त प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); used predicatively with kālaḥ

• sugrīvaḥ: Sugriva
• sugrīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• ugraśāsanaḥ: strict in command
• ugraśāsanaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ugra (प्रातिपदिक) + śāsana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय समास: ugram śāsanam yasya/ugraṃ śāsanam (strict rule/command), qualifying sugrīvaḥ

• tasmāt: therefore
• tasmāt: Hetu (हेतु/कारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ablatival adverb (तस्मात् इति तद्धित/प्रयोगः), meaning 'therefore/from that reason'

• bhavantaḥ: you (all)
• bhavantaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhavant (प्रातिपदिक; आदरार्थ-प्रयोग)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); honorific 'you all'

• sahitāḥ: together/united
• sahitāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sahita (प्रातिपदिक; क्त-कृदन्त from √sah/सह् 'to endure/be with')
• Form: Past participial adjective (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); agreeing with bhavantaḥ

• vicinvantu: let them/you all search
• vicinvantu: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + ci (चि धातु, 'to search/collect')
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• samantataḥ: on all sides/everywhere
• samantataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; locative sense 'all around')
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samantatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Vānara search-party

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as duty under rightful authority: having accepted Sugrīva’s command, they must act promptly and collectively to fulfill it.

What is the narrative situation?

The troop is reminded that time is running out and that Sugrīva’s discipline leaves no room for delay; they are urged to intensify the search.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sense of duty and urgency—acting decisively before time and consequences overtake them.