Shloka 58

Devanagari script

त्तरेण परिक्रम्य जम्बूद्वीपं दिवाकरः।।4.40.58।।दृश्यो भवति भूयिष्ठं शिखरं तन्महोच्छ्रयम्।

Transliteration

uttareṇa parikramya jambūdvīpaṃ divākaraḥ | dṛśyo bhavati bhūyiṣṭhaṃ śikharaṃ tan mahocchrayam ||

Translation

Khi mặt trời vòng về phía bắc mà tuần hành quanh Jambūdvīpa, Ngài hiện rõ nhất khi đến đỉnh núi ấy, cao vời vợi phi thường.

Word by Word

• uttareṇa: to the north of
• uttareṇa: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: uttara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya usage of instrumental (तृतीया) as postposition: ‘to the north of’ (दिशावाचक-तृतीया)

• parikramya: having gone around
• parikramya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-kram (क्रम् धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), ‘having circumambulated’

• jambūdvīpam: Jambūdvīpa
• jambūdvīpam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jambū-dvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Samāsa: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘Jambū-island’; Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana

• divākaraḥ: the Sun
• divākaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divā-kara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Samāsa: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘maker of day’; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana

• dṛśyaḥ: visible
• dṛśyaḥ: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dṛśya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana; predicate adjective with ‘bhavati’

• bhavati: becomes/is
• bhavati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (लट्, Present), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• bhūyiṣṭham: very greatly/most
• bhūyiṣṭham: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhūyiṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया), superlative sense ‘most/greatly’

• śikharam: the peak
• śikharam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śikhara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana; subject of ‘bhavati’ (with predicate dṛśyaḥ)

• tat: that
• tat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana; demonstrative qualifying ‘mahocchrayam’

• mahocchrayam: very lofty
• mahocchrayam: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-ucchraya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Samāsa: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘great height’; Napumsaka, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana; predicate/attribute to ‘śikharam’

Context

'The Sun circumabulates Jambu island and when he arrives at this lofty cliff of the mountain, it takes the northern direction and becomes visible to the world.

Characters & Entities

• Divākara (Sun)
• Jambūdvīpa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is expressed as order (ṛta): the Sun’s regular course symbolizes dependable truth and discipline—virtues required for a righteous, methodical search.

What is the narrative situation?

Directional guidance continues: Sugriva points out how the Sun’s movement and visibility relate to a prominent peak, serving as a navigational marker.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vyavasāya (purposeful effort) and niyama (regulated conduct), mirroring the Sun’s steady circuit.