Ramayana — Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 39, Shloka 21

वानरसेनामिलनम् / The Mustering of the Vanara Hosts

Devanagari script

महाचलनिभैर्घोरै: पनसो नाम यूथपः।आजगाम महावीर्यस्तिसृभिः कोटिभिर्वृतः।।4.39.21।।

Transliteration

mahā-cala-nibhaiḥ ghoraiḥ panaso nāma yūthapaḥ |

ājagāma mahā-vīryas tisṛbhiḥ koṭibhir vṛtaḥ || 4.39.21 ||

Translation

Rồi đến Panasa, vị thủ lĩnh bầy đàn, dũng lực lớn lao, được ba koṭi chiến sĩ ghê gớm vây quanh, hình thế như những núi lớn.

Word by Word

• महाचलनिभैः: by/with (those) resembling great mountains
• महाचलनिभैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाचल-निभ (प्रातिपदिक; महा+अचल+निभ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया (करण/सह) बहुवचनम्; Instrumental plural; विशेषणम् (घोरैः इत्यस्य सह विशेष्य-सम्बन्धः)

• घोरैः: by/with dreadful (ones)
• घोरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम्; Instrumental plural; विशेषणम् (कोटिभिः/यूथैः implied)

• पनसः: Panasa
• पनसः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पनस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; Nominative singular; नाम (व्यक्तिनाम)

• नाम: by name
• नाम: Sambandha/Viseshana (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भाव)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; निपातः/नामनिर्देशकः (indeclinable particle meaning 'by name')

• यूथपः: troop-leader
• यूथपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यूथप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; Nominative singular

• आजगाम: came/arrived
• आजगाम: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect) प्रथमपुरुषः एकवचनम्; 3rd person singular perfect; परस्मैपदम्

• महावीर्यः: of great valor
• महावीर्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महावीर्य (प्रातिपदिक; महत्+वीर्य)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; Nominative singular; विशेषणम् (पनसः/यूथपः)

• तिसृभिः: with three
• तिसृभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक; स्त्रीलिङ्ग-विशेषरूप)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम्; Instrumental plural; संख्याविशेषणम् (कोटिभिः)

• कोटिभिः: by/with crores
• कोटिभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोटि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम्; Instrumental plural

• वृतः: surrounded
• वृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तः (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; Nominative singular; विशेषणम् (पनसः)

Context

Similarly, the great warrior named Panasa, leader of the troop, reported with three crore dreadful vanaras of the size of huge mountains.

Characters & Entities

• Panasa
• Vānara host (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma upheld through solidarity—many leaders contribute their strength to a shared righteous mission.

What is the narrative situation?

Panasa arrives with his contingent as the allied forces gather under Sugrīva’s command.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Leadership and readiness—prompt mobilization in service of a just alliance.