Shloka 13

कृतघ्ननिन्दा तथा सुग्रीवप्रबोधनम्

Condemnation of Ingratitude and Admonition of Sugriva

Devanagari script

अनार्यस्त्वं कृतघ्नश्च मिथ्यावादी च वानर।पूर्वं कृतार्थो रामस्य न तत्प्रतिकरोषि यत्।।।।

Transliteration

anāryas tvaṃ kṛtaghnaś ca mithyāvādī ca vānara |

pūrvaṃ kṛtārtho rāmasya na tat pratikaroṣi yat ||

Translation

Hỡi loài Vānara! Nhờ Rāma mà ngươi đã toại nguyện, vậy mà chẳng báo đáp Ngài. Ngươi thật phi đạo, vô ân, lại buông lời dối trá.

Word by Word

• anāryaḥ: ignoble
• anāryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anārya (अनार्य प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (युष्मद् सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम (2nd person pronoun), प्रथमा, एकवचन

• kṛtaghnaḥ: ungrateful
• kṛtaghnaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛtaghna (कृतघ्न)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (च अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• mithyā-vādī: liar
• mithyā-vādī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mithyā (मिथ्या) + vādin (वादिन्)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (‘speaker of falsehood’), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (च अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• vānara: O monkey
• vānara: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (वानर प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• pūrvam: formerly
• pūrvam: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pūrvam (पूर्वम् अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय

• kṛtārthaḥ: benefited / fulfilled
• kṛtārthaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृत) + artha (अर्थ)
• Form: तत्पुरुष, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• rāmasya: of Rama
• rāmasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (राम प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (न अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• tat: that (return)
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद् सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• pratikaroṣi: you repay / return (help)
• pratikaroṣi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati+kṛ (प्रति+कृ धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

• yat: since / because
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yad (यद् सर्वनाम)
• Form: सम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय (relative particle ‘since/that which’); here causal/relative connector

Context

'Rama is illustrious, compassionate and great. He has granted the kingdom to you, to one who is a sinner and an evil-minded person.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Kṛtajñatā (gratitude) and repayment of help are integral to dharma; taking benefit and refusing reciprocation is condemned as anārya conduct and a breach of satya.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa confronts Sugrīva for enjoying kingship obtained with Rāma’s help while delaying the promised search for Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truth-speaking and loyalty to obligations, highlighted through Lakṣmaṇa’s insistence that promises must be honored.