Shloka 48

किष्किन्धाप्रवेशः—लक्ष्मणस्य कोपः, तारासान्त्वम्, सुग्रीवदर्शनम्

Lakshmana Enters Kishkindha: Anger, Tara’s Mediation, and Sugriva Encountered

Devanagari script

मित्रं ह्यर्थगुणश्रेष्ठं सत्यधर्मपरायणम्।तद्द्वयं तु परित्यक्तं न तु धर्मे व्यवस्थितम्।।4.33.48।।

Transliteration

mitraṃ hy arthaguṇaśreṣṭhaṃ satyadharmaparāyaṇam | tad dvayaṃ tu parityaktaṃ na tu dharme vyavasthitam ||

Translation

Bạn hữu vốn là kho báu đôi: artha và đức hạnh, lại chí thành với chân thật và dharma. Khi bỏ rơi cả hai báu ấy, thì chẳng thể gọi là đứng vững trong dharma.

Word by Word

• मित्रम्: a friend
• मित्रम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (emphasis)

• अर्थगुणश्रेष्ठम्: excellent in wealth and virtues
• अर्थगुणश्रेष्ठम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + गुण (प्रातिपदिक) + श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: arthaguṇayoḥ śreṣṭham (excellent in wealth and qualities)

• सत्यधर्मपरायणम्: devoted to truth and righteousness
• सत्यधर्मपरायणम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक) + धर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + परायण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa: satyadharme parāyaṇam (devoted to truth and dharma)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana; deictic with द्वयम्

• द्वयम्: the pair/both
• द्वयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Virodha/avadhāraṇa-nipāta (but/indeed)

• परित्यक्तम्: abandoned
• परित्यक्तम्: Kriyā/Predicative (क्रिया/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-√त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: Bhūta-kṛdanta (past participle/क्त), Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agreeing with द्वयम्

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-nipāta

• तु: however
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (contrast)

• धर्मे: in dharma
• धर्मे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana

• व्यवस्थितम्: established/steadfast
• व्यवस्थितम्: Kriyā/Predicative (क्रिया/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-अव-√स्था (धातु)
• Form: Bhūta-kṛdanta (past participle/क्त), Napuṃsakalिङ्ग, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agreeing with द्वयम्

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva
• mitra (friend)
• satya
• dharma
• artha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Abandoning a truthful, dharmic friend is incompatible with dharma; loyalty to the righteous is itself a moral obligation.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa presses Sugrīva to honor his alliance with Rāma, portraying Rāma as a friend anchored in satya and dharma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Steadfastness in friendship (mitra-dharma) and alignment with satya—valuing integrity over indulgence.