Shloka 23

लक्ष्मणक्रोधः सुग्रीवप्रबोधनं च

Lakshmana’s Wrath and the Summoning of Sugriva

Devanagari script

ततस्सचिवसन्दिष्टा हरयो रोमहर्षणाः।गिरिकुञ्जर मेघाभा नगर्या निर्ययुस्तदा।।।।

Transliteration

tatas sacivasandiṣṭā harayo romaharṣaṇāḥ | girikuñjara-meghābhā nagaryā niryayus tadā ||

Translation

Rồi theo lệnh các đại thần, bầy khỉ—khiến người rợn tóc gáy, dáng như núi, như voi, như mây giông—từ thành trì tuôn ra khi ấy.

Word by Word

• tatas: then/thereupon
• tatas: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable adverb): ‘thereupon/then’

• saciva-sandiṣṭāḥ: ordered by the ministers
• saciva-sandiṣṭāḥ: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saciva (प्रातिपदिक) + sandiṣṭa (कृदन्त; √diś (धातु) + sam- उपसर्ग, क्त)
• Form: विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) ‘commanded/ordered’; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (sacivaiḥ/ sacivānām sandiṣṭāḥ = ordered by ministers)

• harayaḥ: the monkeys
• harayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• roma-harṣaṇāḥ: causing horripilation
• roma-harṣaṇāḥ: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: roma (प्रातिपदिक) + harṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (romāṇāṃ harṣaṇāḥ = causing horripilation)

• giri-kuñjara-megha-ābhāḥ: having the look of mountains, elephants, and clouds
• giri-kuñjara-megha-ābhāḥ: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: giri (प्रातिपदिक) + kuñjara (प्रातिपदिक) + megha (प्रातिपदिक) + ābhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; समासः बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (giri/kuñjara/megha-sadṛśa-ābhāḥ = having appearance like mountains, elephants, clouds)

• nagaryāḥ: from the city
• nagaryāḥ: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nagarī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/अपादान), एकवचन (Vedic/epic usage: ‘from the city’; classical: nagaryāḥ can also be genitive)

• niryayuḥ: went out / departed
• niryayuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yā (धातु) + nis- उपसर्ग
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• tadā: then, at that time
• tadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable adverb): ‘at that time/then’

Context

Commanded by the ministers, the monkeys who looked like fierce mountains, elephants and clouds that caused horripilation, left the place at once.

Characters & Entities

• Kishkindhā (city)
• Ministers (saciva)
• Monkeys (harayaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Institutional duty: when leadership falters, responsible ministers act to protect the realm and respond to urgent threats.

What is the narrative situation?

Ministers mobilize monkey forces as Lakṣmaṇa approaches in anger, prompting immediate defensive readiness.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discipline and responsiveness in governance—swift collective action under ministerial command.