Shloka 39

Devanagari script

तत्तस्य वाक्यं निपुणं निशम्यप्रहृष्टरूपः पवनात्मजः कपिः।मनस्समाधाय जयोपपत्तौसख्यं तदा कर्तुमियेष ताभ्याम्।।

Transliteration

tat tasya vākyaṃ nipuṇaṃ niśamya

prahṛṣṭarūpaḥ pavanātmajaḥ kapiḥ |

manas samādhāya jayopapattau

sakhyaṃ tadā kartum iyeṣa tābhyām ||

Translation

Nghe lời nói khéo léo ấy, Hanuman—con của Thần Gió—rạng rỡ hoan hỷ; nhiếp tâm hướng về thắng lợi, bấy giờ ngài muốn kết tình bằng hữu với hai vị ấy.

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• vākyam: speech/statement
• vākyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• nipuṇam: skilful
• nipuṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nipuṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण

• niśamya: having listened
• niśamya: Purvakala (पूर्वकालः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√śam (शम् धातु) + ल्यप् (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्ययभाव-क्त्वान्त (gerund/ल्यप्); ‘having heard’

• prahṛṣṭa-rūpaḥ: with delighted appearance
• prahṛṣṭa-rūpaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prahṛṣṭa (प्र-√hṛṣ धातु, क्त) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; kapiḥ/pavanātmajaḥ इति विशेषण; समासः: प्रहृष्टं रूपं यस्य/प्रहृष्टं रूपम् (कर्मधारय-प्रयोग)

• pavanātmajaḥ: son of the Wind-god
• pavanātmajaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pavana (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; व्यक्तिनाम; समासः: पवनस्य आत्मजः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• kapiḥ: the monkey
• kapiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• manaḥ: mind
• manaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• samādhāya: having fixed (his mind)
• samādhāya: Purvakala (पूर्वकालः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-√dhā (धा धातु) + ल्यप्
• Form: अव्ययभाव-क्त्वान्त (gerund/ल्यप्); ‘having composed/fixed’

• jaya-upapattau: in the attainment of victory/success
• jaya-upapattau: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaya (प्रातिपदिक) + upapatti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन; समासः: जयस्य उपपत्तिः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• sakhyam: friendship
• sakhyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sakhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• tadā: then
• tadā: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• kartum: to make
• kartum: Prayojana (प्रयोजनम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (कृ धातु) + तुमुन्
• Form: तुमुनन्त (infinitive); ‘to do/make’

• iyeṣa: desired/wished
• iyeṣa: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √i (इ धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; अर्थे ‘इच्छति’ (desired)

• tābhyām: with those two (Rama and Lakshmana)
• tābhyām: Sahakarana (सहकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/तृतीया), द्विवचन

Context

Pleased with Lakshmana's words spoken in a skilful manner, Hanuman, the monkey son of the Wind-god, resolved to make friendship with them.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē kiṣkindhākāṇḍē tṛtīyassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the third sarga of Kishkindakanda of the Holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Hanuman (Pavanatmaja)
• Lakshmana
• Rama (implied by ‘the two’ together with Lakshmana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Sakhya-dharma (the ethics of friendship): friendship is formed through trust, clear intention, and a shared commitment to righteous success.

What is the narrative situation?

After Lakshmana’s measured reply, Hanuman becomes confident of a fruitful alliance and resolves to establish friendship between Rama-Lakshmana and Sugriva’s side.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Prasāda and niścaya (clarity and resolve): Hanuman’s composed mind and strategic commitment to a righteous alliance.